> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/de/active-directory/enumeration/ldapsearch.md).

# LDAP-Suche

Sicherheitsnotizen zur LDAP-Suche für Active Directory, einschließlich Enumerierung, Kerberos, Anmeldedaten, ACL-Missbrauch, lateraler Bewegung, Ausnutzungsablauf und Validierungsschritte.

### Anonyme LDAP-Zugriffe testen

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -b "DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

Dieser Befehl versucht, LDAP ohne Authentifizierung abzufragen.

In vielen modernen Umgebungen ist anonymer Zugriff eingeschränkt oder deaktiviert.

### LDAP-Verbindung mit Anmeldedaten

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

Erläuterung:

| Option | Rolle                              |
| ------ | ---------------------------------- |
| `-x`   | Einfache Authentifizierung         |
| `-H`   | LDAP-Serveradresse                 |
| `-D`   | Zur Anmeldung verwendete Identität |
| `-w`   | Passwort                           |
| `-b`   | DN-Datenbank durchsuchen           |

<figure><img src="https://2955439919-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-bd40b7a438e5eec9974aeea789e6d51159e7851f%2Fimage%20(3214).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Benutzer auflisten in `CN=Users`

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

Hier suchen wir im Standardcontainer `Users`.

### Eine OU auflisten

Wenn sich die Benutzer in einer organisatorischen Einheit befinden, verwenden wir `OU` anstelle von `CN`:

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "OU=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

Wichtiger Unterschied:

| Element | Bedeutung                                  |
| ------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| `CN`    | Common Name, Container oder Standardobjekt |
| `OU`    | Organisationseinheit                       |
| `DC`    | Domänenkomponente                          |

### Nach einem bestimmten Benutzer suchen

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=user1,CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

Dieser Befehl zielt direkt auf das `user1` Objekt.

<figure><img src="https://2955439919-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-87dcb4c2eb100a4353cad9981e8c36cdd2e8bc2a%2Fimage%20(3215).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Computer auflisten

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=computers,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

Bitte beachten: In Active Directory heißt der Standardcontainer im Allgemeinen `CN=Computers`.

### Die integrierte Administratorengruppe auflisten

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=Administrators,CN=Builtin,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

Dieser Befehl zielt auf die integrierte lokale Gruppe `Administrators` im `Builtin` Container.

<figure><img src="https://2955439919-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-b9249ba2f57947b2b9ae0a30afb70f0b8fd11403%2Fimage%20(3216).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Den DN eines Benutzers finden

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=user1,CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local" | grep dn
```

Beispielergebnis:

```bash
CN=user1,CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local
```

* Das **DN**oder **Distinguished Name**, ist der vollständige LDAP-Pfad des Objekts.


---

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