> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/es/hacking-tools/calculators/subnetting-calculator.md).

# Calculadora de subnetting

Busca un prefijo CIDR como `/24`, `/27`o `/30` para obtener la máscara de subred, la máscara comodín, el número de direcciones, el tamaño del rango de hosts utilizables y el tamaño del bloque.

## Buscador CIDR

<table data-view="cards" data-full-width="true" data-search="true"><thead><tr><th>CIDR</th><th>Máscara de subred</th><th>Comodín</th><th>IPs totales</th><th>Hosts utilizables</th><th>Tamaño del bloque</th><th>Uso común</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>/0</code></td><td>0.0.0.0</td><td>255.255.255.255</td><td>4,294,967,296</td><td>4,294,967,294</td><td>256 en el 1.er octeto</td><td>Ruta predeterminada</td></tr><tr><td><code>/8</code></td><td>255.0.0.0</td><td>0.255.255.255</td><td>16,777,216</td><td>16,777,214</td><td>1 en el 1.er octeto</td><td>Red muy grande</td></tr><tr><td><code>/9</code></td><td>255.128.0.0</td><td>0.127.255.255</td><td>8,388,608</td><td>8,388,606</td><td>128 en el 2.º octeto</td><td>División grande</td></tr><tr><td><code>/10</code></td><td>255.192.0.0</td><td>0.63.255.255</td><td>4,194,304</td><td>4,194,302</td><td>64 en el 2.º octeto</td><td>División grande</td></tr><tr><td><code>/11</code></td><td>255.224.0.0</td><td>0.31.255.255</td><td>2,097,152</td><td>2,097,150</td><td>32 en el 2.º octeto</td><td>División grande</td></tr><tr><td><code>/12</code></td><td>255.240.0.0</td><td>0.15.255.255</td><td>1,048,576</td><td>1,048,574</td><td>16 en el 2.º octeto</td><td>RFC1918 172.16.0.0/12</td></tr><tr><td><code>/13</code></td><td>255.248.0.0</td><td>0.7.255.255</td><td>524,288</td><td>524,286</td><td>8 en el 2.º octeto</td><td>Gran empresa</td></tr><tr><td><code>/14</code></td><td>255.252.0.0</td><td>0.3.255.255</td><td>262,144</td><td>262,142</td><td>4 en el 2.º octeto</td><td>Gran empresa</td></tr><tr><td><code>/15</code></td><td>255.254.0.0</td><td>0.1.255.255</td><td>131,072</td><td>131,070</td><td>2 en el 2.º octeto</td><td>Gran empresa</td></tr><tr><td><code>/16</code></td><td>255.255.0.0</td><td>0.0.255.255</td><td>65,536</td><td>65,534</td><td>1 en el 2.º octeto</td><td>LAN grande</td></tr><tr><td><code>/17</code></td><td>255.255.128.0</td><td>0.0.127.255</td><td>32,768</td><td>32,766</td><td>128 en el 3.er octeto</td><td>Bloque VLAN grande</td></tr><tr><td><code>/18</code></td><td>255.255.192.0</td><td>0.0.63.255</td><td>16,384</td><td>16,382</td><td>64 en el 3.er octeto</td><td>Bloque VLAN grande</td></tr><tr><td><code>/19</code></td><td>255.255.224.0</td><td>0.0.31.255</td><td>8,192</td><td>8,190</td><td>32 en el 3.er octeto</td><td>Bloque VLAN grande</td></tr><tr><td><code>/20</code></td><td>255.255.240.0</td><td>0.0.15.255</td><td>4,096</td><td>4,094</td><td>16 en el 3.er octeto</td><td>Red mediana</td></tr><tr><td><code>/21</code></td><td>255.255.248.0</td><td>0.0.7.255</td><td>2,048</td><td>2,046</td><td>8 en el 3.er octeto</td><td>Red mediana</td></tr><tr><td><code>/22</code></td><td>255.255.252.0</td><td>0.0.3.255</td><td>1,024</td><td>1,022</td><td>4 en el 3.er octeto</td><td>Red mediana</td></tr><tr><td><code>/23</code></td><td>255.255.254.0</td><td>0.0.1.255</td><td>512</td><td>510</td><td>2 en el 3.er octeto</td><td>Dos redes /24</td></tr><tr><td><code>/24</code></td><td>255.255.255.0</td><td>0.0.0.255</td><td>256</td><td>254</td><td>1 en el 3.er octeto</td><td>LAN común</td></tr><tr><td><code>/25</code></td><td>255.255.255.128</td><td>0.0.0.127</td><td>128</td><td>126</td><td>128 en el 4.º octeto</td><td>Mitad de /24</td></tr><tr><td><code>/26</code></td><td>255.255.255.192</td><td>0.0.0.63</td><td>64</td><td>62</td><td>64 en el 4.º octeto</td><td>VLAN pequeña</td></tr><tr><td><code>/27</code></td><td>255.255.255.224</td><td>0.0.0.31</td><td>32</td><td>30</td><td>32 en el 4.º octeto</td><td>Subred pequeña</td></tr><tr><td><code>/28</code></td><td>255.255.255.240</td><td>0.0.0.15</td><td>16</td><td>14</td><td>16 en el 4.º octeto</td><td>Subred diminuta</td></tr><tr><td><code>/29</code></td><td>255.255.255.248</td><td>0.0.0.7</td><td>8</td><td>6</td><td>8 en el 4.º octeto</td><td>Pequeño segmento enrutado</td></tr><tr><td><code>/30</code></td><td>255.255.255.252</td><td>0.0.0.3</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>4 en el 4.º octeto</td><td>Punto a punto</td></tr><tr><td><code>/31</code></td><td>255.255.255.254</td><td>0.0.0.1</td><td>2</td><td>2 para punto a punto</td><td>2 en el 4.º octeto</td><td>Enlace punto a punto</td></tr><tr><td><code>/32</code></td><td>255.255.255.255</td><td>0.0.0.0</td><td>1</td><td>Ruta de un solo host</td><td>1 IP</td><td>Host único</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Cálculo manual

| Paso                   | Fórmula                                                        |
| ---------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| IPs totales            | `2^(32 - CIDR)`                                                |
| Hosts utilizables      | `total - 2`, excepto `/31` y `/32` casos especiales            |
| Tamaño del bloque      | `256 - octeto relevante de la máscara`                         |
| Dirección de red       | Redondea el octeto relevante hacia abajo al bloque más cercano |
| Dirección de broadcast | La siguiente red menos 1                                       |
| Primer host            | Dirección de red más 1                                         |
| Último host            | Dirección de broadcast menos 1                                 |

## Ejemplos resueltos

<table data-view="cards" data-full-width="true" data-search="true"><thead><tr><th>IP/CIDR</th><th>Red</th><th>Primer host</th><th>Último host</th><th>Broadcast</th><th>Notas</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>192.168.1.37/27</code></td><td>192.168.1.32</td><td>192.168.1.33</td><td>192.168.1.62</td><td>192.168.1.63</td><td>Los bloques /27 aumentan de 32 en 32.</td></tr><tr><td><code>10.10.10.10/30</code></td><td>10.10.10.8</td><td>10.10.10.9</td><td>10.10.10.10</td><td>10.10.10.11</td><td>Los bloques /30 aumentan de 4 en 4.</td></tr><tr><td><code>172.16.44.201/26</code></td><td>172.16.44.192</td><td>172.16.44.193</td><td>172.16.44.254</td><td>172.16.44.255</td><td>Los bloques /26 aumentan de 64 en 64.</td></tr><tr><td><code>192.168.56.90/28</code></td><td>192.168.56.80</td><td>192.168.56.81</td><td>192.168.56.94</td><td>192.168.56.95</td><td>Los bloques /28 aumentan de 16 en 16.</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Rangos útiles

| Rango                         | CIDR             | Utilice       |
| ----------------------------- | ---------------- | ------------- |
| 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255     | `10.0.0.0/8`     | Red privada   |
| 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255   | `172.16.0.0/12`  | Red privada   |
| 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 | `192.168.0.0/16` | Red privada   |
| 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255   | `127.0.0.0/8`    | Loopback      |
| 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 | `169.254.0.0/16` | Enlace local  |
| 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255   | `224.0.0.0/4`    | Multidifusión |


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