> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/privesc/python-library-hijacking/python-library-hijacking-hashlib-linux-privilege-escalation.md).
# Python Library Hijacking (hashlib) - Linux Privilege Escalation
Python Library Hijacking (hashlib) notes for Linux privilege escalation, with enumeration steps, exploitation examples, and reporting-focused validation.
## What It Is
Python library hijacking abuses Python import resolution when a privileged script imports modules from a writable location. By placing a malicious module earlier in the import path, the attacker can execute code as the privileged user. This specific page focuses on **Python Library Hijacking (hashlib)** and keeps the exploitation flow practical: identify the condition, validate it safely, then run the smallest payload needed to prove impact.
## Enumeration
Start by confirming the local context and the exact misconfiguration before running the exploit path.
```bash
python3 -c "import sys; print('/n'.join(sys.path))"
find / -name '*.py' -writable 2>/dev/null
```
## Examples
As **user jordan**, we see what the sudoers privileges are, we try to run the **Python script** as jordanmacia and it works correctly:
In this case, we have **reading permissions but no writing**. We observe that it imports the **variable hashlib**. If we make a **locate** with the name of the variable, we will see where it is **stored**. Finally, we observe that in the **PATH of Python**, the first is empty and this is a vulnerability:
In the same /tmp directory, we create the **hashlib.py** file with the following content. This script, when we run the script **example.py** in general, Python starts searching for these libraries in the current working directory, then in the paths defined in the **variable sys.path**.
```python
import os
os.system("bash)
```
Finally, by running the **example.py**, it will give us access to Bash as a jordanmacia user (we will have **migrated to a user** with probably more privileges):
---
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