> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/hacking-tools/calculators/subnetting-calculator.md).

# Calculadora de Subnetting

Calculadora de subnetting para CIDR, máscaras de sub-rede, máscaras curinga, contagem de hosts, tamanhos de bloco, faixas privadas e exemplos rápidos de cálculo de sub-rede.

Pesquise um prefixo CIDR como `/24`, `/27`ou `/30` para obter a máscara de sub-rede, a máscara curinga, o número de endereços, o tamanho do intervalo de hosts utilizáveis e o tamanho do bloco.

## Localizador de CIDR

<table data-view="cards" data-full-width="true" data-search="true"><thead><tr><th>CIDR</th><th>Máscara de sub-rede</th><th>Máscara curinga</th><th>Total de IPs</th><th>Hosts utilizáveis</th><th>Tamanho do bloco</th><th>Uso comum</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>/0</code></td><td>0.0.0.0</td><td>255.255.255.255</td><td>4,294,967,296</td><td>4,294,967,294</td><td>256 no 1º octeto</td><td>Rota padrão</td></tr><tr><td><code>/8</code></td><td>255.0.0.0</td><td>0.255.255.255</td><td>16,777,216</td><td>16,777,214</td><td>1 no 1º octeto</td><td>Rede muito grande</td></tr><tr><td><code>/9</code></td><td>255.128.0.0</td><td>0.127.255.255</td><td>8,388,608</td><td>8,388,606</td><td>128 no 2º octeto</td><td>Grande divisão</td></tr><tr><td><code>/10</code></td><td>255.192.0.0</td><td>0.63.255.255</td><td>4,194,304</td><td>4,194,302</td><td>64 no 2º octeto</td><td>Grande divisão</td></tr><tr><td><code>/11</code></td><td>255.224.0.0</td><td>0.31.255.255</td><td>2,097,152</td><td>2,097,150</td><td>32 no 2º octeto</td><td>Grande divisão</td></tr><tr><td><code>/12</code></td><td>255.240.0.0</td><td>0.15.255.255</td><td>1,048,576</td><td>1,048,574</td><td>16 no 2º octeto</td><td>RFC1918 172.16.0.0/12</td></tr><tr><td><code>/13</code></td><td>255.248.0.0</td><td>0.7.255.255</td><td>524,288</td><td>524,286</td><td>8 no 2º octeto</td><td>Grande empresa</td></tr><tr><td><code>/14</code></td><td>255.252.0.0</td><td>0.3.255.255</td><td>262,144</td><td>262,142</td><td>4 no 2º octeto</td><td>Grande empresa</td></tr><tr><td><code>/15</code></td><td>255.254.0.0</td><td>0.1.255.255</td><td>131,072</td><td>131,070</td><td>2 no 2º octeto</td><td>Grande empresa</td></tr><tr><td><code>/16</code></td><td>255.255.0.0</td><td>0.0.255.255</td><td>65,536</td><td>65,534</td><td>1 no 2º octeto</td><td>LAN grande</td></tr><tr><td><code>/17</code></td><td>255.255.128.0</td><td>0.0.127.255</td><td>32,768</td><td>32,766</td><td>128 no 3º octeto</td><td>Bloco grande de VLAN</td></tr><tr><td><code>/18</code></td><td>255.255.192.0</td><td>0.0.63.255</td><td>16,384</td><td>16,382</td><td>64 no 3º octeto</td><td>Bloco grande de VLAN</td></tr><tr><td><code>/19</code></td><td>255.255.224.0</td><td>0.0.31.255</td><td>8,192</td><td>8,190</td><td>32 no 3º octeto</td><td>Bloco grande de VLAN</td></tr><tr><td><code>/20</code></td><td>255.255.240.0</td><td>0.0.15.255</td><td>4,096</td><td>4,094</td><td>16 no 3º octeto</td><td>Rede média</td></tr><tr><td><code>/21</code></td><td>255.255.248.0</td><td>0.0.7.255</td><td>2,048</td><td>2,046</td><td>8 no 3º octeto</td><td>Rede média</td></tr><tr><td><code>/22</code></td><td>255.255.252.0</td><td>0.0.3.255</td><td>1,024</td><td>1,022</td><td>4 no 3º octeto</td><td>Rede média</td></tr><tr><td><code>/23</code></td><td>255.255.254.0</td><td>0.0.1.255</td><td>512</td><td>510</td><td>2 no 3º octeto</td><td>Duas redes /24</td></tr><tr><td><code>/24</code></td><td>255.255.255.0</td><td>0.0.0.255</td><td>256</td><td>254</td><td>1 no 3º octeto</td><td>LAN comum</td></tr><tr><td><code>/25</code></td><td>255.255.255.128</td><td>0.0.0.127</td><td>128</td><td>126</td><td>128 no 4º octeto</td><td>Metade de um /24</td></tr><tr><td><code>/26</code></td><td>255.255.255.192</td><td>0.0.0.63</td><td>64</td><td>62</td><td>64 no 4º octeto</td><td>VLAN pequena</td></tr><tr><td><code>/27</code></td><td>255.255.255.224</td><td>0.0.0.31</td><td>32</td><td>30</td><td>32 no 4º octeto</td><td>Sub-rede pequena</td></tr><tr><td><code>/28</code></td><td>255.255.255.240</td><td>0.0.0.15</td><td>16</td><td>14</td><td>16 no 4º octeto</td><td>Sub-rede minúscula</td></tr><tr><td><code>/29</code></td><td>255.255.255.248</td><td>0.0.0.7</td><td>8</td><td>6</td><td>8 no 4º octeto</td><td>Segmento roteado pequeno</td></tr><tr><td><code>/30</code></td><td>255.255.255.252</td><td>0.0.0.3</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>4 no 4º octeto</td><td>Ponto a ponto</td></tr><tr><td><code>/31</code></td><td>255.255.255.254</td><td>0.0.0.1</td><td>2</td><td>2 para ponto a ponto</td><td>2 no 4º octeto</td><td>Link ponto a ponto</td></tr><tr><td><code>/32</code></td><td>255.255.255.255</td><td>0.0.0.0</td><td>1</td><td>Rota para um host</td><td>1 IP</td><td>Host único</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Cálculo manual

| Passo                 | Fórmula                                                          |
| --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Total de IPs          | `2^(32 - CIDR)`                                                  |
| Hosts utilizáveis     | `total - 2`, exceto `/31` e `/32` casos especiais                |
| Tamanho do bloco      | `256 - octeto relevante da máscara`                              |
| Endereço de rede      | Arredonde para baixo o octeto relevante até o bloco mais próximo |
| Endereço de broadcast | Próxima rede menos 1                                             |
| Primeiro host         | Endereço de rede mais 1                                          |
| Último host           | Endereço de broadcast menos 1                                    |

## Exemplos resolvidos

<table data-view="cards" data-full-width="true" data-search="true"><thead><tr><th>IP/CIDR</th><th>Rede</th><th>Primeiro host</th><th>Último host</th><th>Broadcast</th><th>Notas</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>192.168.1.37/27</code></td><td>192.168.1.32</td><td>192.168.1.33</td><td>192.168.1.62</td><td>192.168.1.63</td><td>Blocos /27 incrementam de 32.</td></tr><tr><td><code>10.10.10.10/30</code></td><td>10.10.10.8</td><td>10.10.10.9</td><td>10.10.10.10</td><td>10.10.10.11</td><td>Blocos /30 incrementam de 4.</td></tr><tr><td><code>172.16.44.201/26</code></td><td>172.16.44.192</td><td>172.16.44.193</td><td>172.16.44.254</td><td>172.16.44.255</td><td>Blocos /26 incrementam de 64.</td></tr><tr><td><code>192.168.56.90/28</code></td><td>192.168.56.80</td><td>192.168.56.81</td><td>192.168.56.94</td><td>192.168.56.95</td><td>Blocos /28 incrementam de 16.</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Faixas úteis

| Intervalo                     | CIDR             | Use          |
| ----------------------------- | ---------------- | ------------ |
| 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255     | `10.0.0.0/8`     | Rede privada |
| 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255   | `172.16.0.0/12`  | Rede privada |
| 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 | `192.168.0.0/16` | Rede privada |
| 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255   | `127.0.0.0/8`    | Loopback     |
| 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 | `169.254.0.0/16` | Link-local   |
| 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255   | `224.0.0.0/4`    | Multicast    |


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