> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/privesc/kernel-exploitation/dirty-cow-kernel-exploit-linux-privilege-escalation.md).

# Exploração de kernel (Dirty COW) - Escalação de privilégios no Linux

Anotações sobre exploração de kernel (Dirty COW) para escalação de privilégios no Linux, com etapas de enumeração, exemplos de exploração e validação voltada a relatórios.

## O que é

A escalada de privilégio no kernel visa vulnerabilidades locais no kernel do Linux ou em patches específicos da distribuição. Esses exploits podem ser instáveis, então a validação da versão e os testes em laboratório são importantes antes da execução. Esta página específica se concentra em **Exploração do Kernel (Dirty COW)** e mantém o fluxo de exploração prático: identifique a condição, valide-a com segurança e depois execute a menor carga útil necessária para provar o impacto.

## Enumeração

Comece confirmando o contexto local e a configuração incorreta exata antes de executar o caminho de exploração.

```bash
uname -a
cat /etc/os-release
lsb_release -a 2>/dev/null
```

## Exemplos

## Exemplo de Kernel Dirty COW

Use **lsb\_release -a** para identificar a versão do sistema operacional.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-293adda76ab7bc992cad2b24a36aa38e375b3bb6%2FPasted%20image%2020231204233701.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Se você usar o **search exploit** comando, você verá várias vulnerabilidades de Kernel associadas a esta versão do Ubuntu.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f763e1751dcd7e4e303fcecd60e67d2cec4e3000%2FPasted%20image%2020231204235821.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Neste caso, estamos interessados em:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3b40ff8ccc545730404c48a6b678925d1dee4a0d%2FPasted%20image%2020231204233903.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Execute **script** e digite uma senha para o usuário dirty:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-d1efdbf83ff5add0b34405ac58a21b7f70aad170%2FPasted%20image%2020231204235156.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Conseguimos **alterar a senha** em /etc/passwd do usuário firefart:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-97351b5c833eb67638a95d71c7e5c4b7b6cc0633%2FPasted%20image%2020231204235241.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Fazemos parte do **root** grupo:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a8c365b553e6b64b73ba1b7beec85e60b966e690%2FPasted%20image%2020231204235646.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


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