> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/linux-easy/keeper-hackthebox-writeup.md).

# Writeup do HackTheBox Keeper

Writeup da máquina Easy Linux Keeper do HackTheBox cobrindo abuso do Request Tracker, vazamento de informações, obtenção da senha do KeePass por meio de dump de memória (escalada de privilégios), com enumeração prática, e

{% embed url="<https://app.hackthebox.com/machines/Keeper>" %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
**Habilidades:**

* Abusando do Request Tracker
* Vazamento de Informações
* Obtendo a senha do KeePass por meio de dump de memória (Escalada de Privilégios)
  {% endhint %}

## Reconhecimento

**Configuração do ambiente de trabalho:**

Configure o ambiente de trabalho criando três pastas para armazenar conteúdo importante, exploits e resultados de reconhecimento do Nmap.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-1daea7fe4a5f12c95c5f636efb53601b5c1dd716%2Fimage%20(2858).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Verificação de conectividade da VPN**/ Verifique a conectividade da VPN para garantir comunicação estável com a máquina-alvo.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-106199afa6907972b35d6c991158df1a1911e9af%2Fimage%20(2859).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Procurando portas abertas com o Nmap: 22.80**

```bash
nmap -p- --open -n -Pn -vvv --min-rate 5000 10.10.11.227 -oG allPorts 
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-4c81d21456749c53bbd0f4a5f590aa30f14573eb%2Fimage%20(2860).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Escaneando a versão da porta com o Nmap:** Usando o Nmap para escanear a versão da porta e extrair as informações para o arquivo "targeted":

```bash
nmap -sCV -p22,80 10.10.11.227 -oN targeted
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-de06ec57138db755d39f61c53b265c438287558e%2Fimage%20(2861).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Porta 80

Descobrimos o domínio **keeper.htb** e um subdomínio **tickets.keeper.htb**.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-736a526fc66ed498886efa883745e0257308c6bf%2Fimage%20(2862).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Nós os adicionamos ao `/etc/hosts` arquivo:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-4d5c91da3cb7f5cdf627ab979e47c6d7d583a0c1%2Fimage%20(2863).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Request Tracker CMS

Ao acessar **tickets.keeper.htb** encontramos um painel de administração.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-26c53eb984edab9d28b606fdb1dd99fad739bea5%2Fimage%20(2864).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Testamos as credenciais padrão do **Request Tracker**:

```plaintext
Usuário: root  
Senha: password  
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-4348c548652cc3646252cf1c928e47ee0af222e7%2Fimage%20(2865).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Conexão bem-sucedida!

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f3a7c22f6b34a75f42886c0b308d1ca778e7ba1f%2Fimage%20(2866).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

No **Admin → Users** na seção, encontramos uma conta de usuário:

* Usuário: <Inorgaard@keeper.htb>
* Senha: Welcome2023!

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-9a4b389cefd80fc989e3d50e8e52081a4940a202%2Fimage%20(2867).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### Conexão SSH

Usamos as credenciais encontradas para nos conectar via SSH:

```bash
ssh Inorgaard@keeper.htb
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-7d2b48c026468476d09f49f72b7476fb57cf7734%2Fimage%20(719).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Flag user.txt :)

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-cd8afd60013271941e739fd314cb1625a72ad99d%2Fimage%20(720).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Escalada de Privilégios

### **Dump do banco de dados do KeePass**

Encontramos um arquivo ZIP `RT30000.zip` que baixamos para nossa máquina:

```bash
python3 -m http.server 8080
```

```bash
wget http://10.10.11.227:8080/RT30000.zip
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-0f26cf09466e8586507ef3dcc65167a830ebd162%2Fimage%20(721).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Após a extração, obtemos:

* **KeePassDumpFull.dmp**
* **passcodes.kdbx**

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a083bdfed784d266e4be05f3874a6375846fca61%2Fimage%20(723).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Estamos tentando abrir `passcodes.kdbx` com o KeePassXC:

```bash
keepassxc passcodes.kdbx
```

Ele solicita uma senha. Tentamos uma força bruta com **John The Ripper**, sem sucesso.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-7fe73720931bd178e5c76ece0ee57e27a57900e9%2Fimage%20(722).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### **KeePass - análise do dump de memória**

{% embed url="<https://github.com/matro7sh/keepass-dump-masterkey>" %}

Exploramos o `.dmp` arquivo com um script em Python:

```bash
python3 poc.py KeePassDumpFull.dmp
```

Isso revela caracteres ilegíveis. Uma pesquisa online nos leva a uma senha provável:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3b190ce7266316ed0d0d7cc6434ab0d1138a1440%2Fimage%20(724).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-73a3378c51ebaa83bb54894ae5046e2661635b9d%2Fimage%20(725).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Resultado**: red porridge with cream

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-8bb05d1d6204657f047011d42b69fd36c6740335%2Fimage%20(726).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Usamos essa senha para desbloquear o KeePass, o que nos dá uma **chave criptografada do PuTTY e a senha de root**.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-1922b68469347a5ba6a014476bd1e73b4b55356f%2Fimage%20(727).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Converter a chave do PuTTY para o formato OpenSSH

Precisamos converter a chave do PuTTY para o formato OpenSSH:

```bash
puttygen key.ppk -O private-openssh -o id_rsa
```

Em seguida, certifique-se de que sua chave privada tenha as permissões corretas:

```bash
chmod 600 id_rsa
```

#### **Conectar ao servidor SSH**

```bash
ssh -i id_rsa root@10.10.11.227
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-7341286e6ef1bb0f3b6364fa22244dbf5c2b6e65%2Fimage%20(730).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Flag root.txt :)

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-c6fad0aaaa37ad4f62398e77d71e6ae16fc3092e%2Fimage%20(731).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-cd34abac87dcf4d967f077c022ea096d94a6c21b%2Fimage%20(732).png?alt=media" alt="" width="417"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


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