> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/linux-easy/mirai-hackthebox-writeup.md).

# Writeup do HackTheBox Mirai

Writeup da máquina Easy Linux Mirai do HackTheBox cobrindo identificação de um dispositivo IoT, recuperação forense de arquivos, com notas práticas de enumeração, exploração, foothold e escalada de privilégios.

{% embed url="<https://app.hackthebox.com/machines/64>" %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
**Habilidades:**

* Identificando um dispositivo IoT
* Recuperação forense de arquivos
  {% endhint %}

## Reconhecimento

**Configuração do ambiente de trabalho:**

Configure o ambiente de trabalho criando três pastas para armazenar conteúdo importante, exploits e resultados de reconhecimento do Nmap.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-af4bfc4f7562c78765f9c16b46170a62afbdfcaa%2Fimage%20(982).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Verificação de conectividade da VPN**

Verifique a conectividade da VPN para garantir uma comunicação estável com a máquina-alvo.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-d2dfdea2d662c18f04fa94f8eb2f8e516fb7735b%2Fimage%20(983).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Descoberta de Portas Abertas com Nmap:**

Enumere as portas abertas e exporte os resultados para o arquivo "allPorts" no diretório do Nmap:

```bash
nmap -p- --open -sS -n -Pn --min-rate 5000 10.10.10.48 -oG allPorts
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-1e8f472a15dae8a1440336fb16cf4c5e6565b7a2%2Fimage%20(984).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Análise das Portas Abertas com extractPorts:**

Use a função extractPorts para exibir as portas abertas em um formato conciso e copiá-las para a área de transferência (22,53,80,1178,32400,32469)

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-0dca90065c16658da6bd091893d483940a9a8ed9%2Fimage%20(985).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Varredura de versões das portas com Nmap:

Use o Nmap para escanear as versões dos serviços e salvar a saída no arquivo "targeted":

```bash
nmap -sCV -p22,53,80,1178,32400,32469 10.10.10.48 -oN targeted
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-ca13d94e97c478d03ed911d42ef6a132e17e4a1f%2Fimage%20(986).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Porta 80 - Pi-hole

Ao escanear a porta 80, a ferramenta Wappalyzer não revela nenhuma informação significativa.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-bb6133dba2b1b948c9f2783a68c3d191f016be5d%2Fimage%20(987).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

No entanto, depois de fazer um pouco de fuzzing, descobrimos um diretório "`admin`" associado ao Pi-hole, contendo um painel de login.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-24ea095104f6eef572290147093dbeccb9408813%2Fimage%20(988).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Em seguida, pesquisamos na Internet credenciais padrão e encontramos a seguinte informação:

* **Usuário:** pi
* **Senha:** raspberry

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-9384fe770fad7497d5a40242112ad676b59ac7ee%2Fimage%20(989).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Estamos tentando nos conectar via SSH porque a porta 22 está aberta:

```bash
ssh pi@10.10.10.48
```

A conexão foi bem-sucedida.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-2a86c61e8224e6ac962a7c49b5f9add6f5b35ed0%2Fimage%20(990).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Flag user.txt

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-62a8468d4116d3bf67b2bfd81dd34d52a22a90f7%2Fimage%20(992).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## **Escalada de privilégios :**

**Grupo Sudo:** Verificando os grupos do usuário, vemos que o usuário "pi" pertence ao grupo sudo. Como já conhecemos sua senha, podemos obter privilégios de root.

```bash
id
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3bbb273cf0c406d150331bb33556165707572b02%2Fimage%20(991).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Em seguida, executamos `sudo su` e digitamos a senha do usuário "pi":

```bash
sudo su
```

### Flag root.txt

**Recuperação do arquivo root.txt:** O atacante nos informa que perdeu o `root.txt` arquivo e que devemos procurá-lo em um backup em um pendrive USB.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-e3c489dfa36b0d7c555146075a3502b6ef65ea52%2Fimage%20(993).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Procuramos por dispositivos USB conectados e encontramos um `/dev/sdb` disco

```bash
df -h 
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-4e530f44273b9200ab8646cb043a388760b289cc%2Fimage%20(994).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Ao tentar ler este disco diretamente, os dados ficam ilegíveis. No entanto, depois de usar o `strings` comando, conseguimos recuperar informações legíveis do dispositivo:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-32f4ad375ae7d84ae75859cf8cd11d0772931cd6%2Fimage%20(995).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

```bash
strings /dev/sdb
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-d7c843813e19430b9fefb27f076c3562337adfbd%2Fimage%20(996).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-ee2704119fe1a89dc3d5f9dfb41d14f663745cbc%2Fimage%20(997).png?alt=media" alt="" width="530"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


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