> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/active-directory/enumeration/ldapsearch.md).

# LDAP 搜索

### 测试匿名 LDAP 访问

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -b "DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

此命令尝试在未进行身份验证的情况下查询 LDAP。

在许多现代环境中，匿名访问受到限制或已禁用。

### 使用凭据连接 LDAP

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

说明：

| 选项   | 作用         |
| ---- | ---------- |
| `-x` | 简单身份验证     |
| `-H` | LDAP 服务器地址 |
| `-D` | 用于登录的身份标识  |
| `-w` | 密码         |
| `-b` | 搜索 DN 数据库  |

<figure><img src="/files/5aed28777d0301757835d75a6ecb95dd15d7f1f1" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### 列出位于 `CN=Users`

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

这里，我们在标准容器中查找 `Users`.

### 列出一个 OU

如果用户位于组织单元中，我们使用 `OU` 而不是 `CN`:

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "OU=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

重要区别：

| 元素   | 含义           |
| ---- | ------------ |
| `CN` | 通用名称、容器或标准对象 |
| `OU` | 组织单元         |
| `DC` | 域组件          |

### 搜索特定用户

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=user1,CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

此命令直接指向 `user1` 对象。

<figure><img src="/files/7d6257ff72a2cedd3f17772b6fefcd10cce3600f" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### 列出计算机

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=computers,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

请注意：在 Active Directory 中，标准容器通常称为 `CN=Computers`.

### 列出内置 Administrators 组

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=Administrators,CN=Builtin,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```

{% endcode %}

此命令指向内置的本地组 `Administrators` 在 `Builtin` 容器中。

<figure><img src="/files/fd1b121d3259dc3519fd0043e602863d3f889a54" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### 查找用户的 DN

```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=user1,CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local" | grep dn
```

示例结果：

```bash
CN=user1,CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local
```

* 该 **DN**，或 **可分辨名称**，是对象完整的 LDAP 路径。


---

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