> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/active-directory/enumeration/ldapsearch.md).
# LDAP 搜索
面向 LDAP 搜索的 Active Directory 安全笔记，涵盖枚举、Kerberos、凭据、ACL 滥用、横向移动、利用流程和验证步骤。
### 测试匿名 LDAP 访问
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -b "DC=whoami,DC=local"
```
{% endcode %}
此命令尝试在未进行身份验证的情况下查询 LDAP。
在许多现代环境中，匿名访问受到限制或被禁用。
### 使用凭据连接 LDAP
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "DC=whoami,DC=local"
```
{% endcode %}
说明：
| 选项 | 作用 |
| ---- | ---------- |
| `-x` | 简单认证 |
| `-H` | LDAP 服务器地址 |
| `-D` | 用于登录的身份 |
| `-w` | 密码 |
| `-b` | 搜索 DN 数据库 |
### 列出位于 `CN=Users`
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```
{% endcode %}
这里，我们是在标准容器中查找 `Users`.
### 列出一个 OU
如果用户位于组织单位中，我们使用 `OU` 而不是 `CN`:
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "OU=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```
{% endcode %}
重要区别：
| 元素 | 含义 |
| ---- | ------------ |
| `CN` | 通用名称、容器或标准对象 |
| `OU` | 组织单位 |
| `DC` | 域组件 |
### 搜索特定用户
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=user1,CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```
{% endcode %}
此命令直接指向 `user1` 对象。
### 列出计算机
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=computers,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```
{% endcode %}
请注意：在 Active Directory 中，标准容器通常称为 `CN=Computers`.
### 列出内置 Administrators 组
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=Administrators,CN=Builtin,DC=whoami,DC=local"
```
{% endcode %}
此命令指向内置本地组 `Administrators` 位于 `Builtin` 容器中。
### 查找用户的 DN
```bash
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://172.16.0.100 -D 'WHOAMI\user1' -w 'password' -b "CN=user1,CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local" | grep dn
```
示例结果：
```bash
CN=user1,CN=Users,DC=whoami,DC=local
```
* 该 **DN**或 **区分名称**，即对象的完整 LDAP 路径。
---
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