> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/hacking-tools/enumeration/dns-enumeration.md).

# DNS 枚举

DNS 枚举会在更深入扫描之前识别域名、子域名、记录、名称服务器、暴露的区域和基础设施线索。先使用被动来源，然后在测试范围允许时，通过主动 DNS 查询和受控爆破来验证发现。

## DNS 枚举工作流程

1. 从公共来源和证书透明度数据集中收集被动 DNS 数据。
2. 查询常见记录，如 A、AAAA、CNAME、MX、TXT、NS、SOA 和 SRV。
3. 使用已授权的名称服务器检查是否存在区域传送暴露。
4. 仅在交战规则允许主动发现时才对子域名进行爆破。
5. 解析已发现的主机，并将确认的目标输入端口扫描和 Web 画像分析。

## DNS 工具

<table data-card-size="large" data-column-title-hidden data-view="cards" data-full-width="false" data-search="false"><thead><tr><th>名称</th><th>描述</th><th>官方链接</th><th data-hidden data-card-cover data-type="image">封面图片</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>DNSDumpster</strong></td><td>被动 DNS 记录和子域名发现。</td><td><a href="https://dnsdumpster.com/">https://dnsdumpster.com/</a></td><td><a href="/files/a5c1dcb73988788e7273206e693fec51710a9c1b">/files/a5c1dcb73988788e7273206e693fec51710a9c1b</a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>dnsrecon</strong></td><td>DNS 枚举、区域传送和子域名爆破。</td><td><a href="https://github.com/darkoperator/dnsrecon">https://github.com/darkoperator/dnsrecon</a></td><td><a href="/files/1250487acf5545bf68b5b6753ef5fa924f3d03fa">/files/1250487acf5545bf68b5b6753ef5fa924f3d03fa</a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>dnsenum</strong></td><td>DNS 爆破和域信息收集。</td><td><a href="https://github.com/fwaeytens/dnsenum">https://github.com/fwaeytens/dnsenum</a></td><td><a href="/files/ab597a2186fdd37059fe2308e90309aa1ce426cf">/files/ab597a2186fdd37059fe2308e90309aa1ce426cf</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

## 被动来源

| 资源                                                    | 描述                          |
| ----------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| [VirusTotal](https://www.virustotal.com/)             | URL、域名、被动 DNS 和基础设施关系分析。    |
| [Censys](https://search.censys.io/)                   | 用于搜索互联网连接主机、证书和暴露服务的搜索引擎。   |
| [crt.sh](https://crt.sh/)                             | 用于发现公共 TLS 证书中包含名称的证书透明度搜索。 |
| [Project Sonar](https://sonar.omnisint.io/)           | 公共子域名、TLD 和反向 DNS 查询端点。     |
| [Netcraft SearchDNS](https://searchdns.netcraft.com/) | 公共主机名和 DNS 情报搜索。            |


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