> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/hacking-wifi/basic-concepts.md).
# 基础概念
无线安全笔记中的基本 WiFi 和网络概念。
这些概念涵盖网络接口、适配器和网络地址。在分析范围内的 WiFi 网络之前，请先使用它们。
### 网络接口
使用 `ifconfig` 用于列出可用的网络接口。
```bash
ifconfig
```
`ens33` 是一个本地网络接口。它可以有一个私有 IP 地址。
`wlx00c0cabd0890` 是测试期间使用的无线适配器。此输出显示为监控模式：
```bash
wlx00c0cabd0890 IEEE 802.11 模式：Monitor 频率：2.484 GHz 发射功率=6 dBm
重试短限制：7 RTS 阈值：关闭 分片阈值：关闭
电源管理：关闭
```
### 网络适配器
无线适配器必须支持监控模式。没有它，WiFi 测试将无法工作。
### 公共和私有 IP 地址
私有 IP 用于标识本地网络中的设备。公共 IP 用于标识互联网连接。
检查分配给设备的本地 IP 地址：
```bash
hostname -I
```
使用以下命令检查公网 IP 地址：
```bash
curl ifconfig.me
```
### MAC 地址
MAC 地址用于标识网络接口。它充当硬件标识符。
MAC 地址可以通过欺骗进行更改。请确保欺骗活动仅限于获批的设备和已记录的测试。
使用以下命令检查接口的 MAC 地址 `macchanger`:
```bash
macchanger -s wlx00c0cabd0890
```
---
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