> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/privesc/kernel-exploitation.md).

# 内核利用

内核权限提升针对 Linux 内核中的本地漏洞或发行版特定补丁。这些漏洞利用可能不稳定，因此在执行前进行版本验证和实验室测试很重要。

## 方法

* 确定确切的内核、发行版、架构和补丁级别。
* 将漏洞利用建议工具作为起点，然后手动验证 CVE 的适用性。
* 仅在确认目标存在漏洞后，才编译并运行概念验证代码。

## 快速检查

```bash
uname -a
cat /proc/version
cat /etc/os-release
lsb_release -a 2>/dev/null
```

{% hint style="info" %}
Linux 内核利用通过滥用内核中的漏洞来以更高权限执行代码。在运行概念验证之前，请确认内核和发行版版本。
{% endhint %}

## 漏洞利用研究

将自动化建议作为起点，然后手动确认确切的内核、发行版补丁级别、架构和漏洞利用要求。

```bash
searchsploit linux kernel <version>
searchsploit linux kernel ubuntu
searchsploit linux kernel overlayfs
```

需仔细验证的常见本地内核提权家族：

| 漏洞利用家族          | 示例 CVE                           | 备注                                   |
| --------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| Dirty COW       | `CVE-2016-5195`                  | 较旧的内核写时复制漏洞；通常不稳定且依赖版本。              |
| OverlayFS       | `CVE-2021-3493`, `CVE-2023-0386` | Ubuntu/内核特定的 OverlayFS 权限提升路径。       |
| PTRACE\_TRACEME | `CVE-2019-13272`                 | 影响某些 Ubuntu apport/pkexec 流程的本地权限提升。 |
| Dirty Pipe      | `CVE-2022-0847`                  | 内核管道处理漏洞，可在运行时修改受保护文件。               |

### Dirty COW 检查

```bash
grep -q "Ubuntu 16.04" /etc/issue && echo "系统可能易受 Dirty COW 影响"
```

仅在实验室或授权目标上确认适用性后再编译和运行：

```bash
gcc -pthread dirty.c -o dirty -lcrypt
./dirty password123
```

<table data-view="cards" data-full-width="false" data-search="false"><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th data-hidden data-card-target data-type="content-ref"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><h3><i class="fa-microchip" style="color:$primary;">:microchip:</i></h3></td><td><h4>Linux Exploit Suggester</h4></td><td>工具（Linux Exploit Suggester）- Linux 权限提升说明，包含枚举步骤、漏洞利用示例以及以报告为重点的验证。</td><td><a href="/pages/47a370d6bacc73a7fa3afadb9266bfccb348e7e8">/pages/47a370d6bacc73a7fa3afadb9266bfccb348e7e8</a></td></tr><tr><td><h3><i class="fa-microchip" style="color:$primary;">:microchip:</i></h3></td><td><h4>Dirty COW 内核漏洞利用</h4></td><td>内核漏洞利用（Dirty COW）说明，包含 Linux 权限提升的枚举步骤、漏洞利用示例以及以报告为重点的验证。</td><td><a href="/pages/7211eb013261a53c34b450e3452f59fb31a28b6c">/pages/7211eb013261a53c34b450e3452f59fb31a28b6c</a></td></tr><tr><td><h3><i class="fa-microchip" style="color:$primary;">:microchip:</i></h3></td><td><h4>Ubuntu 23.04 内核漏洞利用</h4></td><td>内核漏洞利用（Ubuntu 23.04）说明，包含 Linux 权限提升的枚举步骤、漏洞利用示例以及以报告为重点的验证。</td><td><a href="/pages/dc6bd58921a39a627c3a4bde664d654c3c1e53ac">/pages/dc6bd58921a39a627c3a4bde664d654c3c1e53ac</a></td></tr><tr><td><h3><i class="fa-microchip" style="color:$primary;">:microchip:</i></h3></td><td><h4>OverlayFS 内核漏洞利用</h4></td><td>内核漏洞利用（OverlayFS）说明，包含 Linux 权限提升的枚举步骤、漏洞利用示例以及以报告为重点的验证。</td><td><a href="/pages/f85f526bf975e720ef0ee2c0157a7fdd4a928ea5">/pages/f85f526bf975e720ef0ee2c0157a7fdd4a928ea5</a></td></tr><tr><td><h3><i class="fa-microchip" style="color:$primary;">:microchip:</i></h3></td><td><h4>复制失败（CVE-2026-31431）</h4></td><td>验证 Copy Fail 内核权限提升暴露情况，并确认目标系统是否存在漏洞。</td><td><a href="https://github.com/theori-io/copy-fail-CVE-2026-31431">https://github.com/theori-io/copy-fail-CVE-2026-31431</a></td></tr></tbody></table>


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