> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/privesc/python-library-hijacking/python-library-hijacking-hashlib-linux-privilege-escalation.md).
# Python 库劫持（hashlib）- Linux 权限提升
## 这是什么
Python 库劫持滥用的是：当一个特权脚本从可写位置导入模块时，Python 的导入解析机制。通过将恶意模块放在导入路径更靠前的位置，攻击者可以以特权用户身份执行代码。本页面具体聚焦于 **Python 库劫持（hashlib）** 并保持利用流程切合实际：识别条件，安全验证，然后运行证明影响所需的最小载荷。
## 枚举
在运行利用路径之前，先确认本地上下文和具体的错误配置。
```bash
python3 -c "import sys; print('/n'.join(sys.path))"
find / -name '*.py' -writable 2>/dev/null
```
## 示例
当 **用户 jordan**，我们查看 sudoers 权限是什么后，尝试运行 **Python 脚本** 作为 jordanmacia，它可以正常工作：
在这种情况下，我们有 **读取权限，但没有写入权限**。我们观察到它导入了 **变量 hashlib**。如果我们执行一个 **locate** 并带上该变量名，我们将看到它被存储在 **存储**。最后，我们观察到在 **Python 的 PATH**中，第一个是空的，这就是一个漏洞：
在同一个 /tmp 目录中，我们创建 **hashlib.py** 文件，内容如下。这个脚本，当我们运行脚本 **example.py** 时，一般来说，Python 会先在当前工作目录中搜索这些库，然后再在 **sys.path 变量**.
```python
import os
os.system("bash)
```
最后，通过运行 **example.py**，它将让我们以 jordanmacia 用户身份获得 Bash 访问权限（我们将会 **迁移到一个用户** ，其权限可能更高）：
---
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